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EN
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the hearing status of operators of low-frequency ultrasonic devices compared to employees exposed to audible noise at a similar A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) but without ultrasonic components.Material and MethodsStandard pure-tone audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), as well as questionnaire surveys were conducted among 148 subjects, aged 43.1±10.8 years, working as ultrasonic device operators for 18.7±10.6 years. Their exposure to noise within the ultrasonic and audible frequency range was also evaluated. The control group comprised 168 workers, adjusted according to gender, age (±2 years), tenure (±2 years), and the 8-hour daily noise exposure level (LEX,8h) of ±2 dB.ResultsThe ultrasonic device operators and the control group were exposed to audible noise at LEX,8h of 80.8±3.9 dB and 79.1±3.4, respectively. The Polish maximum admissible intensity (MAI) values for audible noise were exceeded in 16.8% of the ultrasonic device operators, while 91.2% of them were exposed to ultrasonic noise at SPL>MAI values. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the hearing threshold levels (HTLs) up to 3 kHz, while the ultrasonic device operators exhibited significantly higher (worse) HTLs, as compared to the control group, in the range of 4–14 kHz. The results of the DPOAE and TEOAE testing also indicated worse hearing among the ultrasonic device operators. However, the differences between the groups were more pronounced in the case of EHFA and DPOAEs.ConclusionsThe outcomes of all hearing tests consistently indicated worse hearing among the ultrasonic device operators as compared to the control group. Both EHFA and DPOAE seem to be useful tools for recognizing early signs of hearing loss among ultrasonic device operators.
EN
Background The aim of the study was to determine attenuation of earplugs for ultrasonic noise in the frequency range of 10–16 kHz. Material and Methods The attenuation of earplugs in 1/3-octave-bands with the centre frequencies of 10 kHz, 12.5 kHz, and 16 kHz using the REAT (real-ear attenuation at threshold) method based on the measurements of hearing threshold of subjects. The study was carried out for 29 models of earplugs commonly used in the industry designed by various manufacturers, including 13 models of foam earplugs, 10 models of flanged earplugs, 5 models of headband earplugs and one model of no-roll earplugs. Results The values of the measured attenuation of earplugs are in the range 12.9–33.2 dB for the 10 kHz frequency band, 22.8–35.2 dB for the 12.5 kHz frequency band and 29.5–37.2 dB for the 16 kHz frequency band. The attenuation of earplugs in the frequency range 10–16 kHz has higher values (statistically significant changes) for foam earplugs than flanged earplugs (p = 0.0003 vs. p = 0.0006) or headband earplugs (p = 0.0002 vs. p = 0.04). Conclusions The tests indicated that there is no uniform relation between the sound attenuation in the frequencies range of 10–16 kH and the catalogue H parameter (high-frequency attenuation value) of earplugs. Therefore, it is not possible to easily predict the attenuation of ultrasonic noise in the frequency range of 10–16 kHz using the sound attenuation data for the normally considered frequency range (up to 8 kHz). Med Pr 2018;69(4):395–402
PL
Wstęp Celem badań było określenie tłumienia hałasu ultradźwiękowego o częstotliwościach środkowych z zakresu 10–16 kHz przez wkładki przeciwhałasowe. Materiał i metody Wykonano pomiary tłumienia wkładek przeciwhałasowych w pasmach 1/3-oktawowych dla częstotliwości środkowych z zakresu 10–16 kHz z użyciem metody REAT (real-ear attenuation at threshold) polegającej na pomiarach progów słyszenia z udziałem osób. Badania przeprowadzono dla 29 modeli powszechnie stosowanych w przemyśle wkładek przeciwhałasowych różnych producentów, w tym dla 13 modeli wkładek piankowych, 10 skrzydełkowych, 5 ze sprężyną dociskową i dla 1 modelu ze trzpieniem. Wyniki Tłumienie wkładek przeciwhałasowych wynosiło 12,9–33,2 dB dla pasma 1/3-oktawowego o częstotliwości środkowej 10 kHz, 22,8–35,2 dB dla pasma 12,5 kHz i 29,5–37,2 dB dla pasma 16 kHz. W zakresie częstotliwości 10–16 kHz tłumienie wkładek przeciwhałasowych przyjmowało większe wartości (istotne statystycznie) w przypadku wkładek piankowych niż wkładek skrzydełkowych (p = 0,0003 vs p = 0,0006) czy wkładek ze sprężyną dociskową (p = 0,0002 vs p = 0,04). Wnioski Wyniki badań wykazały brak jednorodnego związku między tłumieniem dźwięku w zakresie częstotliwości 10–16 kHz a katalogowym parametrem H (tłumieniem wysokoczęstotliwościowym) wkładek przeciwhałasowych. W związku z tym nie ma możliwości prostego wyznaczania tłumienia hałasu ultradźwiękowego w zakresie częstotliwości 10–16 kHz, np. wykorzystując dane dotyczące tłumienia dźwięku dla standardowo rozpatrywanego zakresu częstotliwości (do 8 kHz). Med. Pr. 2018;69(4):395–402
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