Search results - CEJSH

1

The role of categorization in understanding

100%

Piłat R.

Nauka

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2017

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issue 3

PL

In this article, I am examining the role of categorization in understanding. The problem arises from well-known distinction between explanation and understanding, which has been for a century pursued in hermeneutic tradition. Categorization belongs to explanatory endeavor and its role in understanding is unclear. In order to delimit the scope of inquiry I am focusing on the weakest kind of categorization, so called categorization ad hoc. I am examining the hypothesis to the effect that categorization plays its role in hermeneutic circle as some sort of pre-understanding. Eventually, however, I reject this hypothesis. It is because it leads to hermeneutic paradox: The notion of pre-understanding has a meaning only in the context of full-fledged understanding, which is an unattainable ideal. Such ideal cannot be used as a personal criterion of the quality of one’s understanding. There is a tension between the feeling of understanding and the scarcity of personal means to justify this feeling. I am suggesting that similar, albeit weaker effect occurs also in more elaborate, scientific categorizations. What is really wrong in the passage from categorization to understanding is some form of self-understanding: We do not know whether we understand better, or at all when we put some categorical order onto our experience. We do not seem to have the required meta-understanding.

2

Model standardu czytania

100%

Krok B.

Kształcenie Językowe

|

2014

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vol. 12 (22)

11 - 32

EN

The author of the thesis investigates a broad subject of reading competence. What is more, he creates his own definition of reading, whose basis is functional understanding. Moreover, the author opposes the global approach to reading competence and attempts to create standard of demands, which would define a detailed and hierarchal arrangement of reading demands, classified basing on complexity of cognition and performance processes of a student in the course of their completion. The author’s idea places him in the confines of didactic measurement and organization of a teaching process.

3

Pięć koncepcji dialogu

100%

Gadacz T.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2015

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vol. 60(2 (236))

75-91

PL

Dialogue is a necessary way of inhabiting a shared world. However, the concept of dialogue at present has become ambiguous and often abused. The purpose of this article is to introduce order into this conceptual ambiguity. Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished language (langue) from speech (parole), and following him, Paul Ricoeur wrote about discourse of the event. Here different concepts of dialogue begin. Dialogue understood as the communication, in which the accent is located in the discourse, argumentation serving to elaborate a consensus of action taken and dialogue understood as a meeting of persons. Two first concepts of dialogue are found in Jürgen Habermas’ communication theory and in Ricoeur’s dialogue led in the form of ‘hospitality lent by language’. If the essence of communication theory of Habermas is a discourse, then the essence of Ricoeur’s ‘hospitality lent by language’ is an understanding of others. The essence of the third concept of dialogue, also called the meeting, developed by twentieth-century philosophy of dialogue, are presence and love. There is also a fourth form of dialogue introduced by Georg Simmel, constituting a priori foundations of social life. For him a function or a social role is the centre. However, we can also find the fifth form of dialogue in dialogical hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer, trying to combine the discursive and personal dimensions. For him the centre is both the presence of other, as well as the truth happening in dialogue. All these conceptions of dialogue have important significance for pedagogy.

4

Pięć koncepcji dialogu

100%

Gadacz T.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2015

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issue 2(236)

75-91

EN

Dialogue is a necessary way of inhabiting a shared world. However, the concept of dialogue at present has become ambiguous and often abused. The purpose of this article is to introduce order into this conceptual ambiguity. Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished language (langue) from speech (parole), and following him, Paul Ricoeur wrote about discourse of the event. Here different concepts of dialogue begin. Dialogue understood as the communication, in which the accent is located in the discourse, argumentation serving to elaborate a consensus of action taken and dialogue understood as a meeting of persons. Two first concepts of dialogue are found in Jürgen Habermas’ communication theory and in Ricoeur’s dialogue led in the form of ‘hospitality lent by language’. If the essence of communication theory of Habermas is a discourse, then the essence of Ricoeur’s ‘hospitality lent by language’ is an understanding of others. The essence of the third concept of dialogue, also called the meeting, developed by twentieth-century philosophy of dialogue, are presence and love. There is also a fourth form of dialogue introduced by Georg Simmel, constituting a priori foundations of social life. For him a function or a social role is the centre. However, we can also find the fifth form of dialogue in dialogical hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer, trying to combine the discursive and personal dimensions. For him the centre is both the presence of other, as well as the truth happening in dialogue. All these conceptions of dialogue have important significance for pedagogy.

5

Modelowanie świata w interpersonalnym komunikowaniu

100%

Przywara P.

Komunikacja Społeczna. Czasopismo elektroniczne

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2013

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issue 2(6)

21-30

PL

W niniejszym artykule staram się wykazać, że w sytuacjach międzyosobowego porozumiewania się zachodzi kognitywny proces komunikacyjnego modelowania świata. Proces ten wiąże się z tym, że nadawca i odbiorca na potrzeby danej komunikacji, konwersacji itp. starają się uzgodnić swoje sposoby widzenia otaczającej ich rzeczywistości, biorąc pod uwagę to jak postrzega tę rzeczywistość interlokutor. Modelowanie świata to zarazem proces dynamiczny i złożony, aczkolwiek o zakresie lokalnym, tj. ograniczony zwykle do danej konwersacyjnej sytuacji.

EN

In the following paper I am trying to show that within situations of interpersonal communication there is performed by their participants the process of cognitive and communicative world-modelling. The process is connected with that that a sender and a receiver try to agree their points of view on reality concerning how the given speaker perceives the reality. World-modelling is a dynamic and complex process, however its range is local, namely generally restricted to a given conversational situation.

6

Rozumienie podstawą inteligentnego przedsiębiorstwa

100%

Falencikowski T. M., Latzke P.

Przedsiębiorstwo we współczesnej gospodarce - teoria i praktyka

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2017

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vol. 1

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issue 20

33-41

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę naświetlenia koncepcji przedsiębiorstwa inteligentnego oraz wyszczególnienia jego cech charakterystycznych. Zidentyfikowano trzy kluczowe cechy inteligentnego przedsiębiorstwa: uczenie się, kojarzenie oraz rozumienie. Szczegółowym badaniom poddano cechę rozumienia. W tym celu wykorzystano wyniki badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych wśród studentów Wydziału Zarządzania i Ekonomii Politechniki Gdańskiej. Doskonalenie tej cechy umożliwia przedsiębiorstwu inteligentnemu utrzymanie przewagi konkurencyjnej.

EN

This article attempts exposure enterprise concept of intelligent and specify its characteristics. It identified three key features of the intelligent enterprise: learning, association and understanding. Detailed studies were characteristic of understanding. For this purpose, based on the results of empirical research conducted among students of the Faculty of Management and Economics Gdańsk University of Technology. Improving this feature enables enterprises to intelligently maintain a competitive edge.

7

Understanding of Latvian Studying Youth about Mobility and Migration in Multi-Dimensional Society Nowadays

100%

Rone S., Līduma A.

Signum Temporis

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2010

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vol. 3

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issue 1

41-50

EN

Introduction. Rapid inhabitant mobility and migration to European and other countries in the world as well as in the territory of Latvia goes on since Latvia has become the member of the European Union. There are several possible reasons for that: economic crisis in the country, low salaries in the social state sector, individual strivings and aspirations of every person to achieve self-realization. Many children become parentless as parents go to different countries. A part of Latvia's inhabitants come back but a part of them continue to live abroad. This was the reason for choosing the topic to study.The Aim of the Study. To investigate circumstances why inhabitants of Latvia leave their country and what the civic understanding of the Latvian young people, who study in tertiary institutions, is as regards the mobility and migration to a different society.Materials and Methods. European project Multiple Choice Identity: Materials of Mobility and Migration. Statistical data and analysis and research about migration. Interviewing students in an empiric investigation; interviewing people who have emigrated to England.Results. Mobility and migration have positive and negative economical and demographic consequences; it is important for every nation to preserve its cultural identity. Particular interest is paid to immigrants' integration in the cultural environment of Latvia.Conclusions. Positive changes in economic life, positive understanding in the mass media and study curricula are needed as they would promote formation of a positive understanding of the mobility and migration in multi-dimensional society nowadays.

8

The issue of intellectual intuition in metaphysics

100%

Piętka D.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue S1

165-185

EN

The article presents problems of intellectual intuition in metaphysics from a semiotic point of view. There are various types of intuition in philosophy: rational intuition, irrational intuition, and sensual intuition. All of them are immediate ways of cognition. Classical metaphysics uses intellectual intuition as its main method to find out and justify its statements. The main problem of intellectual intuition is an intersubjective approach to the object of metaphysics. The main aim of this paper is the objectivization and rationalization of intellectual intuition in language. The semantic notion of meaning and the pragmatic notion of understanding are the fundamental tools which are used to translate the issue of intuition from the subject-ma$er level into the language level. This operation allows to look at intuition in a non-psychological manner. It enables the objectivization of the method of intellectual intuition in the light of the understanding of meanings.

9

The deaf humanist. Can music philosophy educate listeners today?

100%

Chęćka A.

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2017

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vol. 16

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issue 40

161-171

EN

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article is intended as a contribution to discussion on the role of music philosophy in educating contemporary participants in the world of culture. From a broader perspective, it fosters reflection on the condition of the humanities today. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS:The author makes use of traditional literary studies, employing, as a music philosopher, a speculative method and availing herself of the tools of analytical philosophy; she also refers to the empirical experiences of musicians and listeners. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argumentation is based on metacritical analysis of the subject literature within the scope of trends and challenges in music philosophy. The author considers the possibility of educating sensitive and active receivers of classical music. She invokes the reflection of the philosopher Peter Kivy in light of the discussion carried on with him by James O. Young and Jerrold Levinson. Irrespective of their differences of opinion, these philosophers all emphasised the role of the aesthetic education of the listener. The author highlights points on which the philosophers’ dispute is merely superficial. RESEARCH RESULTS: The subject literature is dominated by the analytical model. This results partly from the obligation to imitate the sciences that weighs upon the humanities and also from subjecting the results of humanistic reflection to processes of parametrisation. Music philosophy and musicology are increasingly divorced from live experience and are turning into elite disciplines, reserved solely for a narrow group of specialists. Therefore, we should aspire to specifying how the academic goals of music-related study can be reconciled with the mission of disseminating the culture of listening to music and understanding it. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The idea of interdisciplinary reflection on the experiencing of music should be promoted among scholars (musicologists and music philosophers).

10

Historia „niewielkiego słowa”, czyli o przyzwoitości

89%

Karwatowska M.

Stylistyka

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2018

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vol. 27

87-103

EN

The authoress focuses on the word przyzwoitość ‘decency, decorum, propriety’ and examines the term on the basis of the corresponding dictionary entries, from the oldest to the latest, PELCRA-searched concordances of the PWN Polish Language Corpus, and Lublin-based Maria Curie-Skłodowska University students’ questionnaire-derived responses. As she concludes, the word przyzwoitość has clearly been evolving. Not only has the number of its referents increased, but also its semantic centre has been slightly shifted. Most recently, the word has been used in some sense of ‘propriety’, that is ‘fitting’, ‘suitable’, or ‘the way that it should be’, which means that something is good/appropriate in some respect but is not of any extraordinary quality. Nevertheless, in reference to selected objects it does amount to more than just the expected norm, or, at least, it resides in the higher limit of normal. Przyzwoitość then implies ‘better than average’, something like norm plus supplementary value, never average or below average. As postulated, this secondary meaning of the word is now gaining popularity at the expense of the original one that embraces moral issues. The latter happens to be appropriated by other domains, which is what probably explains a growing capacity of przyzwoitoœæ to appear in novel idiomatic expressions.

11

Kolistość rozumienia a dwoistość poznania, czyli po co Heideggerowi Kant

88%

Hoły-Łuczaj M.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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issue 4(26)

135-150

XX

This article aims to show that formulated by Immanuel Kant distinction between spontaneity and receptivity of perception as two inseparable aspects of it is one of the most important themes in the Heidegger’s reception of Kantian philosophy, since it allows Heidegger to express the principle of circularity of understanding. Martin Heidegger, referring to Kant’s concept of perception, explains that man as there-being (Dasein) is able to see being (Sein) in beings (Seiende) only if one regards them as being (seiende), what one does according to his own being. The analysis of Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (1929) and the What is a Thing (1935) presented in the article investigates this particular topic.

12

Does an observer belong in physics?

88%

Novotný J.

Human Affairs

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 2

170-177

EN

In this paper we comment on the opinions of great philosophers from various epochs on the relationship between computers and the human mind. We ponder over whether we might be able to gain an understanding of the human mind and a perception of the world from the scientific point of view. We focus on the relationship between these two issues.

13

„Etyka praktyczna”, otwartość i dramat rozumienia. Uwagi o relacji filozofii i pedagogiki

88%

Reut M.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2017

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vol. 62(1 (243))

34-44

PL

The article analyses chosen extracts from the debate about philosophical qualities of pedagogical thinking. It presents the possibility of ethical reflection inspired by contemporary hermeneutical philosophy. This hermeneutical perspective comprehends understanding not only as one of the kinds of cognitive behaviour, but also as a way of being of a subject. The dilemma, dramatic quality and openness of pedagogical activity are underlined, as well as the impossibility of boiling down the justifications of that activity to the sphere of applications of theories. It indicates that hermeneutics opened (pedagogical) thinking towards such perspective on the relationship between the external order and duty and action, which frees from both: the dichotomy of romantic release versus passive subjection, as well as from the dilemma of the rational emancipation versus conditioned consent to surrender. It does not, however, give an external solution and does not diminish the importance of choice. It emphasises the individual character of moral choice and the importance of freedom and at the same time does not leave the man on his or her own. Ricoeur’s wounded cogito (cogito blessé) – as it is highlighted – is not an abandoned, lonely subject.

14

Tożsamość narracyjna: Człowiek jako „zwierzę samointerpretujące się”. Koncepcja tożsamości narracyjnej Charlesa Taylora

88%

Bociek K.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(2)

63-70

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony koncepcji tożsamości narracyjnej stworzonej przez CharlesaTaylora, współczesnego kanadyjskiego filozofa polityki i religii. W ujęciu tym szczególniemocno podkreśla się znaczenie perspektywy temporalnej oraz horyzontu etycznegow procesie kształtowania tożsamości człowieka, a także akcentuje się jej dialogiczny charakter.Podmiotowość będzie tu zatem nierozerwalnie związana z określonym horyzontemrealizowanego i afirmowanego dobra, zaś podmiot będzie postrzegał swój sposóbprzeżywania jako ciągłą narrację. Istotą tezy Taylora, który chce przypomnieć ponowoczesnemuczłowiekowi o tym, co stanowi o zapomnianej przez niego pełni jego tożsamości,jest więc przekonanie, że „człowiek jest zwierzęciem dokonującym autointerpretacji”– istotą, której tożsamość uzależniona jest od sposobu, w jaki pojmuje ona samą siebie.Osoba ludzka może i powinna zaangażować się we wzbogacającą przemianę tożsamościi uaktywnić zapomniane rezerwy moralne.

15

Narrative identity: Human as a ‘self-interpreting animal’. Charles Taylor’s concept of narrative identity

88%

Bociek K.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(2)

63-70

EN

The article is devoted to the concept of narrative identity created by Charles Taylor, a contemporaryCanadian philosopher of politics and religion. This approach places particularemphasis on the meaning of temporal perspective and ethical horizon in the process offorming personal identity, and also stresses its dialogical nature. Subjectivity is thereforeinseparably connected here with a certain horizon of realized and affirmed good, whereasthe subject perceives his way of living as a continuous narration. The essence of a thesisproposed by Taylor, who wishes to remind the postmodern individual of what constitutesthe fullness of his/her identity, is therefore a belief, that ‘human is a self-interpreting animal’– a being, whose identity depends on the way in which he/she defines himself/herself. The human person can and should be involved in enriching identity transition, and activatingforgotten moral reserves.

16

Rozumienie i przedstawianie w Zarycie historyki Johanna Gustava Droysena

88%

Sawicki M.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2013

|

issue 1(4)

217-240

XX

The purpose of this article is to consider Droysen’s notions of understanding (Verstehen) and representation (Darstellung) in historical reflection. The main topic is the moral motive of the historical question whose force seems to encompass both notions, therefore it is presented as the appropriate centre of historical research. The starting point of my considerations is the reconstruction of understanding and representation notions, where I describe how these notions are introduced into the historical research, how they relate to each other, and how they derive their justification by historical question. Then , I show how some critical aspects become a challenge for these two notions, because they reveal their theoretical and practical limitations. Finally , I try to consider whether these concepts are topical for contemporary historical thinking measured with a thought question concerned with the identity of the historian.

17

Werbalizacja rozumienia pojęć przez dzieci jako wykładnik kształtowania znaczeń

88%

Wojciechowska j.

Studia Slavica

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 1

139-146

EN

The paper briefly discusses the process of meaning verbalization by children understood as the exponent of meaning shaping. The author, basing upon the consecutive stages of the development of child’s speech presented by Leon Kaczmarek, demonstrates the specific features to be found in each of the stages. The theoretical discussion was completed with a number of examples taken from the author’s own research activity. Additionally, the salience of culture conditioning in the process of gaining of one’s language competence was focused upon.

18

Childlessness – between Fate and Choice

88%

Świątkiewicz W., Wacławik S.

The New Educational Review

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2013

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vol. 33

108-117

EN

Childlessness in marriage is still socially defined as otherness. It is a deviation from the current cultural standard and – as a consequence – it requires explanation and legitimization, especially when the otherness is deliberate. The aim of the conducted qualitative research was to establish personal definitions of the situation of childlessness in marriage applied by persons aged 50 and older. The study focused on cultural patterns of experiencing and validating this non-standard lifestyle. 21 interviews centered on this issue were conducted. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the most important variables determining the model of experiencing childlessness in marriage by the subjects were the causes of childlessness and the significance of having children in their individual hierarchy of values. In each individual case, the way of experiencing childlessness results from the configuration of the recognized order of motivation and evaluation. It also seems that the order of evaluation is significant to the entire functioning of these persons. It is relatively independent from the objective cause of childlessness.

19

ILPT as effective means of studies of persons of ripe years to the foreign speech

88%

TSYMBAL S.

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 1

273-278

EN

It registers in the article, that the major psychical function of man is speech – basic means of intercourse of people. By means of speech a man passes to other people the opinions, feelings, desires, experience, induces them to those or other acts and actions.

20

Rozumienie narracyjne w perspektywie interakcjonizmu interpretatywnego, poznania hermeneutycznego i refleksji fenomenologicznej

87%

Krawczyk-Bocian A.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2017

|

issue 44

285-300

EN

The conceptual category of the reasoning narrative is the starting point for the considerations presented. Looking at the concept through the prism of interpretative interactionism and the phenomenological and hermeneutic approach helps to discover the meaning and significanceof each of the perspectives for the discovery of wealth of understanding of everything that the human person is involved in and of the world he resides in, creates and converts to his own needs. The considerations in the text stress the importance of human reflection,ability to retrace feelings in the individual biography and of being able to interpret one’s own experiences. Presenting these considerations in the biographic-narrative orientation reveals the essence of understanding of the issues discussed in the article from the perspective of the experiencing subject.

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