Problematyka dotycząca unii kościelnej w eparchii przemysko-samborskiej za czasów biskupa Prokopa Chmielewskiego (1652–1664) jest zaniedbana w historiografii. Brakuje danych pozwalających wskazać te części diecezji, w których byli unici, nieznana jest liczba cerkwi, brakuje informacji o kapłanach unickich zajmujących różne szczeble hierarchii kościelnej. Rządy biskupa Chmielewski przypadają na trudny okres dwuwładzy w eparchii przemysko-samborskiej Kościoła wschodniego. Równoczesne funkcjonowanie biskupów prawosławnego i unickiego sprawiało, że rywalizowali oni o tę samą katedrę, cerkwie i wiernych. Było to spowodowane skomplikowaną sytuacją wewnętrzną Rzeczypospolitej, uwikłanej w wojnę domową z Kozakami, a potem wojnę z Rosją. Agresorzy zwalczali unię kościelną w imię obrony prawosławia, ingerując w wewnętrzne sprawy Rzeczypospolitej. Wpływało to na politykę króla Jana Kazimierza wobec unii i prawosławia. Katedra w Przemyślu była zajmowana przez prawosławnych, dlatego unicki biskup Prokop Chmielewski rezydował w Walawie. Starając się utrzymać namiastkę struktury hierarchicznej, powołał kryłos katedralny. Sprawował jurysdykcję nad dekanatami krośnieńskim, leżajskim, muszyńskim i oleszyckim. Unici najliczniej występowali w dobrach królewskich, szczególnie w starostwie krośnieńskim, a także w zwartych kompleksach dóbr szlacheckich, należących do: Fredrów, Korniakta, Krasickich, Lubomirskich, Sieniawskich i Zamoyskich. Powyższe ustalenia są wynikiem wstępnego rozpoznania stanu posiadania Kościoła unickiego za czasów biskupa Chmielewskiego. Problematyka ta wymaga dalszych szczegółowych badań.
EN
The church union in the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor at the time of Bishop Prokop Chmielewski (1652–1664) is a neglected page of the historiography. There is no evidence to indicate parts of the diocese where Unites lived, as well as, the number of the churches is unknown, there is also no information about the Uniate priests involved in various levels of the hierarchy. The reign of bishop Chmielewski fall on difficult period of dual power in the eparchy of the Przemyśl-Sambor the Eastern Church. Simultaneous existence of the bishops of the Orthodox and Uniate denomination meant that they competed for the same cathedral, churches and worshippers. This was due to the complicated internal situation of Poland, involved in a civil war with the Cossacks, then in the war with Russia. The aggressors fought the church union in the name of the Eastern Orthodox Church, interfering in the internal affairs of Poland. This influenced the policy of King Jan Kazimierz towards the Church Union and the Orthodox Church. As the cathedral in Przemyśl was occupied by the Orthodox, the Uniate bishop Prokop Chmielewski resided in Walawa. He tried to maintain a semblance of hierarchical structure, thus, he called cathedral kryłos. He exercised jurisdiction over decanate of Krosno, Leżajsk, Muszyna and Oleszyce. Unites were the most represented in the royal estates, particularly in the district of Krosno, as well as, in the noble goods belonging to the Families of Fredro, Korniakta, Krasicki, Lubomirski, Sieniawski and Zamoyski. These are initial findings on the Uniate Church in the days of bishop Chmielewski. This matter requires further detailed research.
The vast majority of the Orthodox community: the clergy and the faithful strongly rejected the idea of the Brest union. Such an attitude was unambiguous both during the preparation of the Councils of Brest, during the sessions of the anti-union Council and after its end. It should also be emphasized that secular Orthodox (magnates, nobles and representatives of church brotherhoods) significantly influenced the attitude of the majority of the clergy to the ecclesiastical union with the Latin Church.
The church union in the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor at the time of Bishop Prokop Chmielewski (1652–1664) is a neglected page of the historiography. There is no evidence to indicate parts of the diocese where Unites lived, as well as, the number of the churches is unknown, there is also no information about the Uniate priests involved in various levels of the hierarchy. The reign of bishop Chmielewski fall on difficult period of dual power in the eparchy of the Przemyśl-Sambor the Eastern Church. Simultaneous existence of the bishops of the Orthodox and Uniate denomination meant that they competed for the same cathedral, churches and worshippers. This was due to the complicated internal situation of Poland, involved in a civil war with the Cossacks, then in the war with Russia. The aggressors fought the church union in the name of the Eastern Orthodox Church, interfering in the internal affairs of Poland. This influenced the policy of King Jan Kazimierz towards the Church Union and the Orthodox Church. As the cathedral in Przemyśl was occupied by the Orthodox, the Uniate bishop Prokop Chmielewski resided in Walawa. He tried to maintain a semblance of hierarchical structure, thus, he called cathedral kryłos. He exercised jurisdiction over decanate of Krosno, Leżajsk, Muszyna and Oleszyce. Unites were the most represented in the royal estates, particularly in the district of Krosno, as well as, in the noble goods belonging to the Families of Fredro, Korniakta, Krasicki, Lubomirski, Sieniawski and Zamoyski. These are initial findings on the Uniate Church in the days of bishop Chmielewski. This matter requires further detailed research.
W artykule zestawiono listę kapłanów unickich z eparchii przemysko-samborskiej za rządów biskupa Atanazego Krupeckiego (1610–1652). Zagadnienie to było pomijane w dotychczasowej historiografii. Kwerendę przeprowadzono w źródłach, których specyfika pozwala na identyfikację wyznaniową kapłanów, a więc rozróżnienie czy byli oni unitami czy prawosławnymi. Identyfikację tę przeprowadzono na podstawie dokumentów nadania popostw wystawianych przez właścicieli dóbr, na terenie których położona była cerkiew. Zebrano informacje o 95 kapłanach unickich oraz 12 kolejnych, którzy prawdopodobnie byli unitami. Zasługą Krupeckiego było zbudowanie całej unickiej struktury hierarchicznej w eparchii przemysko-samborskiej. Struktura ta objęła wszystkie urzędy i cały obszar rozległej diecezji. Imienne zestawienie duchowieństwa unickiego pozwoliło na ustalenie nazwisk: 1 biskupa ordynariusza, 2 biskupów koadiutorów, 2 wikariuszów generalnych, 19 kryłoszan, 3 namiestników (i dodatkowo 2 namiestników prawdopodobnie unickich), 10 bazylianów, w tym 2 ihumenów monasterów, a dodatkowo jednej bazylianki (prawdopodobnie unickiej), a także 71 popów (i dodatkowo 11 popów prawdopodobnie unickich) oraz 3 diakonów. Wymienionych funkcji jest więcej niż sprawujących je kapłanów, bowiem wielu z nich kumulowało beneficja i godności kościelne. Najwięcej popów unickich było w dobrach królewskich. W 11 starostwach odszukano informacje o 52 popach unickich (i dalszych 5 popach, którzy prawdopodobnie byli unitami). Najwięcej było ich w ekonomii samborskiej (21 popów unickich i jeden prawdopodobnie unicki). Ze wsi szlacheckich odszukano wzmianki o 5 popach unickich (i jednym prawdopodobnie unickim). W miastach i wsiach należących do łacińskich biskupów krakowskich i przemyskich oraz do unickiego biskupa przemyskiego było 10 popów unickich (i 4 prawdopodobnie unickich). Niektórzy kapłani obsługiwali więcej niż jedną cerkiew. Pod opieką popów unickich było 52 cerkwi, w tym 6 w miastach i 46 we wsiach. Wśród współpracowników Krupeckiego piastujących najważniejsze godności w eparchii byli kapłani spoza diecezji przemyskiej, którzy zmienili obrządek z łacińskiego na grecki. Do grona tego przyłączyło się zaledwie kilku miejscowych Rusinów, którzy objęli stanowiska w kryłosie przemyskim. Popi z cerkwi parafialnych otrzymywali popostwa pod warunkiem przystąpienia do unii. Zebrane informacje o kapłanach unickich nie stanowią listy zamkniętej. Zostanie ona poszerzona w wyniku dalszych kwerend archiwalnych.
EN
The article lists the Uniate priests of the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor under the reign of Bishop Atanazy Krupecki (1610–1652). This issue was overlooked in the existing historiography. The query was performed in the sources, that allowed the religious identification of a single priests, and thus, it was possible to distinguish whether the one was Uniate or Orthodox. The identification was carried out on the basis of the records of parishes created by the owners of the goods where the church was located. There was collected information about 95 Uniate priests and 12 more who probably were Uniates. Krupecki was the one who created the Uniate hierarchical structure in the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor. This structure covered all the offices and the entire area of the vast diocese. The name register of the Uniate clergy allowed to determine the names of the following: one bishop ordinary, two bishops coadjutor, two vicars-general, nineteen kryłoszan [‘Russian cathedral canons’], three protopop [Russian dean] and two of them most probably Uniate, ten basilians monks incl., two monastery igumens, and additionaly one basilian nun (probably Uniate), and 71 popes (and additionally 11 popes probably Uniate) as well as three deacons. There were more functions and offices than exercising them priests, because many priests cumulated benefices and ecclesiastical dignities. Majority of the Uniate popes were to be found in the royal estates. The information about the 52 Uniate popes (and further 5 popes who probably were Uniates) was found in 11 districts. Most of the popes were in the royal estate called Sambor estate (21 Uniate popes and one probably Uniate). From the gentry villages was retrieved information on 5 Uniate popes (and one probably Uniate). In cities and towns belonging to the Latin Bishops of Kraków and Przemyśl cities and to the Uniate bishop of Przemyśl were indentified 10 popes of the Uniate denomination (and 4 probably Uniate). Some priests served more than one church. Under the care of the Uniate popes were 52 churches, including 6 in the cities and 46 in the villages. Among the collaborators of bishop Krupecki who occupied important offices in the eparchy were priests from outside the diocese of Przemyśl, who changed the rite from the Latin into the Greek one. The group was joined by only a few local Russians, who took the position in cathedral kryłos of Przemyśl. Many popes received parishes under the condition of their accession to the Union. The information about the Uniate priests cannot be treated as a closed list. The list will be developed in a result of further archival queries.
The article lists the Uniate priests of the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor under the reign of Bishop Atanazy Krupecki (1610–1652). This issue was overlooked in the existing historiography. The query was performed in the sources, that allowed the religious identification of a single priests, and thus, it was possible to distinguish whether the one was Uniate or Orthodox. The identification was carried out on the basis of the records of parishes created by the owners of the goods where the church was located. There was collected information about 95 Uniate priests and 12 more who probably were Uniates. Krupecki was the one who created the Uniate hierarchical structure in the Eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor. This structure covered all the offices and the entire area of the vast diocese. The name register of the Uniate clergy allowed to determine the names of the following: one bishop ordinary, two bishops coadjutor, two vicars-general, nineteen kryłoszan [‘Russian cathedral canons’], three protopop [Russian dean] and two of them most probably Uniate, ten basilians monks incl., two monastery igumens, and additionaly one basilian nun (probably Uniate), and 71 popes (and additionally 11 popes probably Uniate) as well as three deacons. There were more functions and offices than exercising them priests, because many priests cumulated benefices and ecclesiastical dignities. Majority of the Uniate popes were to be found in the royal estates. The information about the 52 Uniate popes (and further 5 popes who probably were Uniates) was found in 11 districts. Most of the popes were in the royal estate called Sambor estate (21 Uniate popes and one probably Uniate). From the gentry villages was retrieved information on 5 Uniate popes (and one probably Uniate). In cities and towns belonging to the Latin Bishops of Kraków and Przemyśl cities and to the Uniate bishop of Przemyśl were indentified 10 popes of the Uniate denomination (and 4 probably Uniate). Some priests served more than one church. Under the care of the Uniate popes were 52 churches, including 6 in the cities and 46 in the villages. Among the collaborators of bishop Krupecki who occupied important offices in the eparchy were priests from outside the diocese of Przemyśl, who changed the rite from the Latin into the Greek one. The group was joined by only a few local Russians, who took the position in cathedral kryłos of Przemyśl. Many popes received parishes under the condition of their accession to the Union. The information about the Uniate priests cannot be treated as a closed list. The list will be developed in a result of further archival queries.
Artykuł ukazuje stan Kościoła unickiego w diecezji przemysko-samborskiej w okresie przejściowym, pomiędzy śmiercią biskupa Prokopa Chmielewskiego (1664), a objęciem diecezji przez biskupa Jana Małachowskiego (1670). W tym czasie rządy w tej diecezji sprawował biskup Antoni Terlecki (1664–1669), a po jego odsunięciu z urzędu – Jakub Susza, biskup sąsiedniej unickiej diecezji chełmskiej, który został administratorem diecezji przemysko-samborskiej do czasu nominacji jej następnego biskupa ordynariusza. Rządy biskupa Terleckiego trwały w najtrudniejszym okresie stosunków unicko-prawosławnych. W diecezji przemyskiej przewagę zyskali prawosławni pod silnym przywództwem biskupa Antoniego Winnickiego, późniejszego metropolity kijowskiego. W ich rękach znajdowała się katedra w Przemyślu oraz większość parafii. Prawosławni przejmowali kolejne cerkwie unickie, ciągle też starali się wypędzić biskupa unickiego z rezydencji w Walawie pod Przemyślem, co ostatecznie udało im się w 1669 r. Bilans rządów biskupa Terleckiego nie jest jednoznaczny, dzieli się bowiem na dwie części. Pozytywną ocenę zyskuje pierwsza z nich, rozpoczęta w końcowym okresie rządów jego poprzednika – biskupa Prokopa Chmielewskiego. Antoni Terlecki, najpierw jako koadiutor (1662), a potem biskup ordynariusz (1664) sprawnie kierował unicką częścią diecezji przemyskiej. Włączył się w działania na rzecz wzmocnienia Kościoła unickiego w Rzeczypospolitej, współpracując z unickim biskupem chełmskim Jakubem Suszą. Antoni Terlecki był dobrze przygotowany do zajmowania wysokich funkcji kościelnych. Był bazylianinem i doktorem teologii. Z czasem w jego postępowaniu wzięły górę cechy negatywne, awanturnictwo i pijaństwo. Zaniedbał obowiązki biskupa i samowolnie opuścił diecezję przemyską. W efekcie unicki metropolita kijowski najpierw nałożył na Terleckiego klątwę kościelną, a potem pozbawił go funkcji biskupich. Unicka eparchia przemysko-samborska została powierzona w administrację Jakuba Suszy. Za czasów biskupa Terleckiego przypada regres w rozwoju unii kościelnej w diecezji przemysko-samborskiej. Zwarte kompleksy cerkwi unickich funkcjonowały na obrzeżach rozległej eparchii, w jej zachodniej i północnej części. Ustalono 65 cerkwi potwierdzonych źródłowo jako unickie oraz 3 kolejne, które prawdopodobnie były unickie. Obsługiwało je łącznie 45 zidentyfikowanych z imienia kapłanów unickich (część z nich kumulowało kilka funkcji jednocześnie).
EN
The article shows the state of the Uniate Church in the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor during the transitional period between the death of Bishop Prokop Chmielewski (1664), and taking the diocese by Bishop Jan Małachowski (1670). At that time, Bishop Antoni Terlecki (1664–1669) ruled this diocese, and after his removal from the office – Jakub Susza, bishop of the neighboring Uniate diocese of Chełm, who was the administrator of the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor until the appointment of the next Bishop Ordinary. The rule by the Bishop Terlecki fell in the most difficult period in relations between the Uniate and the Orthodox churches. In the diocese of Przemysl advantage gained Orthodox under the strong leadership of bishop Antoni Winnicki, later Metropolitan of Kiev. The cathedral and most of the parishes in Przemyśl were in their hands. Orthodox took over another Uniate churches, and tried to expel the Uniate bishop from a residence in Walawa in next to Przemyśl, what they finally succeeded in 1669. An account of the bishop Terlecki’s governance is not clear, and in fact it has to be divided into two parts. The positive assessment gains the first one, launched in the final period of the rule of his predecessor – the bishop Prokop Chmielewski. Antoni Terlecki, first as coadjutor (1662), then Bishop Ordinary (1664) ably led the Uniate part of the Diocese of Przemyśl. He became involved in the efforts to strengthen the Uniate Church in Poland, in cooperation with the Uniate bishop of Chełm Jakub Susza. Antoni Terlecki was well prepared to deal with the high ecclesiastical functions. He was a basilian and a doctor of theology. However, over the time his negative traits as rowdiness and drunkenness prevailed. He neglected the duties of the bishop and voluntarily left the diocese of Przemyśl. As a result, the Uniate Metropolitan of Kiev, first imposed on Terlecki church curse, and then took his episcopal functions. Jakub Susza was entrusted with the administration of the Uniate eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor. At the time of the Bishop Terlecki falls regression in the development of the church union in the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor. Compact complexes of the Uniate churches were operated on the outskirts of the vast Eparchy, in its western and northern parts. There were 65 established churches confirmed by sources as Uniate and consecutive three more likely to be Uniate. A total of 45 identified with the name Uniate priest served (they cumulated several functions simultaneously).
The article shows the state of the Uniate Church in the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor during the transitional period between the death of Bishop Prokop Chmielewski (1664), and taking the diocese by Bishop Jan Małachowski (1670). At that time, Bishop Antoni Terlecki (1664–1669) ruled this diocese, and after his removal from the office – Jakub Susza, bishop of the neighboring Uniate diocese of Chełm, who was the administrator of the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor until the appointment of the next Bishop Ordinary. The rule by the Bishop Terlecki fell in the most difficult period in relations between the Uniate and the Orthodox churches. In the diocese of Przemysl advantage gained Orthodox under the strong leadership of bishop Antoni Winnicki, later Metropolitan of Kiev. The cathedral and most of the parishes in Przemyśl were in their hands. Orthodox took over another Uniate churches, and tried to expel the Uniate bishop from a residence in Walawa in next to Przemyśl, what they finally succeeded in 1669. An account of the bishop Terlecki’s governance is not clear, and in fact it has to be divided into two parts. The positive assessment gains the first one, launched in the final period of the rule of his predecessor – the bishop Prokop Chmielewski. Antoni Terlecki, first as coadjutor (1662), then Bishop Ordinary (1664) ably led the Uniate part of the Diocese of Przemyśl. He became involved in the efforts to strengthen the Uniate Church in Poland, in cooperation with the Uniate bishop of Chełm Jakub Susza. Antoni Terlecki was well prepared to deal with the high ecclesiastical functions. He was a basilian and a doctor of theology. However, over the time his negative traits as rowdiness and drunkenness prevailed. He neglected the duties of the bishop and voluntarily left the diocese of Przemyśl. As a result, the Uniate Metropolitan of Kiev, first imposed on Terlecki church curse, and then took his episcopal functions. Jakub Susza was entrusted with the administration of the Uniate eparchy of Przemyśl-Sambor. At the time of the Bishop Terlecki falls regression in the development of the church union in the diocese of Przemyśl-Sambor. Compact complexes of the Uniate churches were operated on the outskirts of the vast Eparchy, in its western and northern parts. There were 65 established churches confirmed by sources as Uniate and consecutive three more likely to be Uniate. A total of 45 identified with the name Uniate priest served (they cumulated several functions simultaneously).
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