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Social Remittances and the Impact of Temporary Migration on an EU Sending Country: The Case of Poland

100%
Grabowska I., Engbersen G.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 2
99-117
EN
This article sheds light on the unintended consequences of temporary migration from Poland by combining Merton’s functional analysis with Levitt’s work on social remittances. In addition to economic remittances, Polish migrants have been bringing norms, values, practices and social capital to their communities of origin since the end of the nineteenth century. The article presents a juxtaposition of the non-material effects of earlier migration from Poland, dating from the turn of the twentieth century, with those of the contemporary era of migration from Poland since the 1990s. The analysis shows that some aspects, such as negotiating gender roles, the changing division of household labour, individualistic lifestyles, new skills and sources of social capital, and changing economic rationalities are constantly being transferred by migrants from destination to origin communities. Contemporary digital tools facilitate these transfers and contribute to changing norms and practices in Polish society. The article demonstrates that migration fulfils specific functions for particular sections of Polish society by replacing some functions of the communist state (e.g., cash assistance and loans from communist factories, factory and post-coop cultures) and by facilitating their adaptation to changing conditions (e.g., changing gender relations, new models of family, job aspirations and social mobility).
2
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What is the research impact of (the ideal of) scientific truth?

100%
Brauer R., Dymitrow M., Worsdell F., Walsh J.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2
113-136
EN
Aim. This paper elucidates how the emergent impact agenda is slowly but surely changing the normative framework of modern Western science. Method. The paper investigates conceptually the implications of the impact agenda for the research process. We outline a chronology around the evaluation regime of research impact and identify the causal mechanisms that change the disciplinary structure of the research ecosystem. We draw upon a sociological model of scientific knowledge production to contrast and discuss how impact facts mimic the process of scientific knowledge production but are geared towards a different end. Results. Our findings indicate that an explicit emphasis on societal contribution not only propositions a different purpose of research, but also changes the logic of research along its entire construction. The impact logic mimics the creation of scientific facts; nevertheless, as it is geared towards a different end, it hermetically seals itself from criticism as any form of scrutiny would otherwise undermine its own legitimacy. Conclusion. We conclude that only explicit acknowledgement of the adverse potential of the impact agenda can maintain science’s benefit to society. We argue that an emphasis on the advancement of knowledge, as opposed to impact, can maintain innovation and preempt social tension. The contribution of this paper lies in identifying the societal influence of the scientific ideal of truth, and articulating the unintended consequences of the impact agenda as the emerging impact or starve paradigm.
3
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The Scottish Enlightenment and the Challenges of Commercial Society: Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations

100%
Smith C.
Horyzonty Polityki
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 25
43-64
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to examine the economic advice that Adam Smith provides for individuals and relate that to the judgements that he makes about national economies. It argues that Smith’s interest in unintended consequences leads him to consider both levels of economic activity in a particular way. While these aspects of his thought have been discussed in the literature, they have not been analysed together. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: As a book the Wealth of Nations had two interrelated purposes: it was a scientific attempt to understand political economy, and it was also a critical intervention into British policy based upon the evidence of that inquiry. This paper looks at the connection between these two aspects of the book. In particular it examines how Smith moves from an explanation of the evolution and operation of commercial society that depends on unintended consequences (such as the famous ‘invisible hand’) to a set of suggestions for macro level policy to be undertaken by the government and micro level advice for individuals. The paper proceeds by close textual analysis of key passages from Smith’s work. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: the paper traces how Smith’s scientific approach generalises from historical evidence to identify and study the core principles of the division of labour and trade. From here he identifies a set of necessary conditions for the successful operation of a commercial society: The rule of law, political stability, and certain public works and regulations. But Smith also offers some observations on successful economic strategies that should be adopted by individuals. RESEARCH RESULTS: The paper shows that Smith communicates his advice to individuals through character sketches of the book’s ‘hero’ the prudent man, and the book’s ‘villains’ the prodigal and the projector. The contrast between these examples serves a didactic purpose for Smith. CONCLUSION, INNOVATION AND RECOMMENDATION: The paper concludes by taking a look at Smith’s advice to individuals for pursuing economic success through character sketches. It contributes to the literature by stressing Smith’s interest in the connection between macro-level national economic phenomena and micro-level individual economic strategy, and by showing how his book offers advice to both nations and individuals. This is an underexplored dimension of Smith’s account that is examined in detail in a way not present in the scholarly literature.
4
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Absolwenci szkoł wyższych na zmieniającym się rynku pracy

63%
Jelonek M.
Rocznik Lubuski
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 2a
191-208
EN
The main theme of the article refers to the consequences of dichotomization of situation concerning the graduates of popular and technical subject areas observed in the media discourse and in the statements of policy makers. The author considers the consequences of preserving these images and taking them for granted in the public discourse. In addition, she studies the effects they evoke in the students themselves, who under such an influence may decide on certain educational and professional strategies. The article attempts to answer the following questions: What is the labour market situation of university graduates? What variables explain the situation? How has the situation evolved over the recent years? Do you actually see marked deterioration of professional situation of young university graduates? What are the consequences of the division into massive and strategic (guaranteeing better professional start) fields of study fixed in the minds and cultivated by the media? The answers to the above questions are provided by the analysis of data from four consecutive BKL surveys (BKL – the Balance of Human Capital in Poland) conducted on the basis of research on population and research on university students in Poland. BKL project is unique (on the scale of Poland and Europe) labour market monitoring composed of 5 editions of research which serve as a base to monitor the changes in competence structure on the labour market. The author of the paper is one of the members of the research team responsible for two modules of research: examination of fields of study and examination of students.
PL
Tematem przewodnim artykułu są konsekwencje dychotomizacji sytuacji absolwentów kierunków masowych i technicznych, zaobserwowanej w dyskursie medialnym oraz w wypowiedziach decydentów. Autorka zastanawia się nad konsekwencjami utrwalenia tych wyobrażeń i przyjęcia ich za pewnik w dyskursie publicznym, a także nad efektami, jakie wywołują w samych zainteresowanych – studentach określonych kierunków, którzy pod ich wpływem mogą decydować się na określone strategie edukacyjne i zawodowe. W artykule podjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: jaka jest sytuacja rynkowa absolwentów uczelni? Jakie zmienne tłumaczą tę sytuację? Jak ta sytuacja ewoluowała na przestrzeni ostatnich lat? Czy rzeczywiście widać wyraźne pogorszenie sytuacji zawodowej młodych absolwentów uczelni? Jakie konsekwencje niesie ze sobą utrwalony w świadomości i kultywowany przez media podział kierunków kształcenia na masowe oraz strategiczne (zapewniające lepszy start zawodowy). Odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania dostarczy analiza danych z czterech tur badania BKL (Bilans Kapitału Ludzkiego w Polsce), przeprowadzona w oparciu o badania ludności oraz badania studentów szkół wyższych w Polsce. Projekt Bilans Kapitału Ludzkiego to unikatowy na skalę Polski i Europy monitoring rynku pracy złożony z 5 edycji badań, na bazie których monitorowana jest zmiana struktury kompetencji na rynku pracy. Autorka wystąpienia jest jednym z członków zespołu badawczego, odpowiedzialnym za dwa moduły badania: badanie kierunków kształcenia oraz badanie studentów.
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