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EN
Many museums in Poland and all over the world make use of mobile technologies. Unfortunately, neither Polish nor overseas applications offer universal solutions for users with different levels of knowledge and different disabilities. People with sight and hearing disabilities, as well as those physically handicapped, are very often culturally excluded, which means they are excluded from an important aspect of social life. As part of the project ‘OPENArt – Contemporary Art for All,’ a multimedia guide was developed in the form of an application for portable devices. It was designed in accordance with the participatory design methodology and principles of universal design. It facilitates access to works of art exposed to people with hearing and visual impairments. The application can be used to educate the blind, visually impaired, the deaf and hard of hearing, as well as people working with non-disabled children in arts and language classes. In the paper the innovative features of the guide were presented, and its educational values were characterized.
EN
The article addresses the question of adapting public spaces, including parks and gardens, to the needs of people with disabilities for the purpose of outdoor recreation. According to the principles of universal design, public spaces should enable social inclusion, which implies respect for current needs of diverse populations. The study described in the article focuses on the needs of people with vision impairment regarding outdoor recreation and adjustments that need to be made in the infrastructure of parks and gardens. The aim of the study was to answer three key questions: (1) How can outdoor experiences be made accessible to people with visual impairments? (2) How can outdoor experiences be encouraged, rethought and redesigned for people with visual impairments? (3) What barriers stop people with visual disabilities from participating in outdoor leisure in sensory gardens? These questions are answered using insights from desk research, data from an inventory of selected sensory gardens and interviews with blind and partially sighted respondents. The study, conducted between June and August 201, covered 15 gardens located in various parts in Poland: in cities, rural areas and areas of natural value. The interviews, involving 32 respondents, were held directly in the gardens in cooperation with the Polish Association for the Blind. The results were used to formulate recommendations for good practice in the field of universal garden design, which can provide sensory experiences for everyone, including people with visual impairments. The observed development of sensory gardens seems to reflects a great interest in this type of outdoor sites, which are conducive to recreation, education, integration, and social inclusion. Solutions applied in sensory gardens should provide inspiration for creating universal gardens, accessible to everyone.
EN
Activities aimed at impacting the social space for preschool children are increasingly common. The need to start this type of education from an early age is recognized. In the world and in Poland, many joint actions are being created to familiarize children with the issues related to urban planning, elements of spatial development and the needs of city users. One such program is the Poznań Academy of Space project, implemented since 2016 by the Academic Scientific Association of Spatial Management. The aim of the paper is to present the above project as an example of student activities to increase spatial awareness among the youngest city users. The article presents the theoretical foundations of the project, current activities and plans for the project development in the upcoming years.
EN
This article aims to show that the universal design which developed out of different stages of including people with body and mental impairments in the full stream of life of the societies, is a highest and most civilised way of designing the human environment for everyone. It is not only the most developed way of treating human needs but also most innovative one, as the studies show. The author presents the development and progress of the tendency, specific trends in universal design and its relations with sustainability. The newest perspective for implementing the universal design is created by the aspect of the cultural inclusion, which shows the problems of integrating people of all kinds and possibilities with the societies in the light of chances for participation in the social life.
EN
This article presents the experience of the Marie Curie-Skłodowska University in the field of universal design at the higher education level. Universal design in education assumes creating programs, materials, but also an environment accessible to students with different needs arising from the style of learning, age, health status, language skills, life and cultural experiences. The idea of universal design has been used in the preventive project "Good Life". The primary goal of the project was preventing suicidal behavior among academic youth. The activities undertaken in accordance with the idea of universal design were addressed to the entire academic community and were based on a four-link operation model: student, peer group, academic teachers, disabled persons' support team.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia doświadczenia Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej z zakresu projektowania uniwersalnego na poziomie edukacji wyższej. Projektowanie uniwersalne w edukacji zakłada tworzenie programów, materiałów, ale również otoczenia dostępnego dla studentów o różnych potrzebach wynikających ze stylu uczenia się, wieku, stanu zdrowia, znajomości języka, doświadczeń życiowych i kulturowych. W projekcie o charakterze profilaktycznym Dobre życie została wykorzystana idea projektowania uniwersalnego. Głównym celem projektu było przeciwdziałanie zachowaniom samobójczym wśród młodzieży akademickiej. Podjęte działania zgodnie z ideą projektowania uniwersalnego zostały skierowane do całej społeczności akademickiej i zostały oparte na modelu działania składającym się z czterech ogniw: student, grupa rówieśnicza, nauczyciele akademiccy, Zespół ds. Osób Niepełnosprawnych.
EN
Tourism has many dimensions. Travelling provides a huge opportunity for people with disabilities. Disabled people often feel the most comfortable in their place of residence, place of work, natural environment associated with their routine. This is due the fact that said environment has already been accessed and personalized to their special needs. The farther from their natural environment, the more barriers a disabled person faces. Tourism has a spatial character, therefore it is related to movement. People with disabilities have the same motivation for travelling as healthy people, however, their full participation is often limited by numerous architectural, organizational, or even mental barriers, connected with their own concerns. Meanwhile, the number of people with disabilities is growing. Disturbing is also the increasing number of people temporarily disabled after strokes or hearth attacks. Tourism by movement allows to eliminate the unpleasant consequences of disability in both physical and mental terms. The purpose of this article is to present the spatial aspect of tourism of people with disabilities, the barriers that they face while travelling and leaving their customized environment. Additionally, the paper presents the role of tourism in the process of social rehabilitation of the disabled and their activation with the rest of society.
EN
The lack of empathy towards disability is a significant societal issue that hampers inclusivity and understanding. Many struggle to comprehend the daily challenges and experiences faced by people with disabilities, leading to ignorance, prejudice, and exclusion. However, empathy plays a pivotal role in addressing this problem and serves as the foundation for developing and creating better products, services, and environments. This article explores the potential of developing virtual reality (VR) applications to enhance students’ empathy towards individuals with disabilities. By increasing empathy levels, students are expected to gain significant qualifications in universal design (UD). The full application development process covers the most suitable head-mounted display (HMD) set. The implementation methodology using the Unity programming platform, the approach adopted for conducting classes using the developed VR application, and the deployment stage. Testing was successfully conducted on a student population, receiving positive user feedback. Through the integration of VR technology, the authors thoroughly describe how to address the empathy gap and equip students with essential skills for inclusive and accessible design. The findings presented in this study provide valuable guidance for educators and developers interested in harnessing VR’s potential to foster empathy and advance universal design practices. With the presented methodology and proposed application, the authors demonstrate the effectiveness of VR applications in elevating students’ empathy levels, consequently enhancing their qualifications in universal design.
EN
Background This paper presents an overview of a pilot study focused on testing the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) exercises, within extended reality experiences, in increasing awareness and empathy among university students towards pregnant women, elderly people, people in wheelchairs, and people with some sort of sight impairment. The extended reality experience was designed to simulate various scenarios that reflect the experiences of people from diverse backgrounds, to promote a better understanding of different perspectives and social issues related to some of the challenges tackled by people whose limitations are many times overlooked. Material and Methods A design-based research methodology was applied and qualitative and quantitative data were collected in samples of 20 students from 3 countries. Results Overall, the results suggest that immersive VR applications can be an effective tool in increasing awareness and empathy among higher education students. The use of VR technology can create a sense of presence and immersion that allows students to experience situations that they may not have encountered otherwise. The results attained with the immersive experiences have provided evidence that these solutions can foster a greater understanding of different perspectives and promote empathy towards individuals from diverse backgrounds. Conclusions Ongoing research correlated with the Mixed Reality on Universal Design’s Secret Service (Mr. UD) project results is already expanding on these findings by testing the effectiveness of VR applications in different contexts and with larger and more diverse samples. Additionally, the research conducted has provided relevant evidence that suggests that VR applications and their inclusion in training programs may help promote behavior change and reduce prejudice and discrimination towards marginalized groups.
EN
This article explores the relevance of universal design and empathic design in education. The universal design focuses on creating accessible and usable products, environments, and systems for individuals with diverse abilities. Empathy, on the other hand, involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others, encompassing cognitive, emotional, and compassionate empathy. The article investigates the application of empathy in design, particularly its importance for engineers. Teaching empathy to engineers is emphasized as a crucial aspect. By developing empathic skills, engineers gain a deeper understanding of user needs and perspectives, leading to more inclusive and user-centered design solutions. Effective communication techniques such as asking open-ended questions, active listening, observation, and perspective-taking are explored to enhance empathy in communication. The article also explores methods for measuring empathy, thus enabling engineers to assess the effectiveness of their empathic design approaches. The challenges facing students, teachers, and university authorities in implementing such courses are also bulleted.
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 1
45-50
EN
The accessibility of tourism space is becoming an increasingly significant issue in geographical research due to, amongst other things, demographic changes (an ageing population, growing numbers of people with disabilities) alongside guaranteeing a universal right of access to tourism. The nature of geographical research (physical, socio-economic) allows this issue to be viewed systemically. Drawing on the fields of geography and accessible tourism, this article presents the assumptions of a model which makes a systemic analysis of the factors conditioning the accessibility of tourism space possible. It also highlights the need for further research into the optimal level of detail in universal design principles which can be applied in tourism.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono przegląd współczesnych technologii możliwych do zastosowania przez osoby z ograniczoną sprawnością ruchową wszystkich kończyn, zastępujących tradycyjne rozwiązania, tj. mysz i klawiaturę komputera. Ze względu na wykorzystane technologie omawiane rozwiązania zostały sklasyfikowane w czterech grupach: oparte na śledzeniu twarzy, oparte na śledzeniu wzroku, oparte na rozpoznawaniu położenia obiektu oraz pozostałe. Stosownie do reprezentantów każdej grupy przeprowadzono porównanie technologii według dziewięciu kryteriów istotnych z punktu widzenia użytkownika. Wagę poszczególnych kryteriów przyporządkowano na podstawie badania ankietowego. Ustalono, że mimo porównywalnych sumarycznych ocen systemów każdorazowy dobór systemu powinien być oparty na indywidualnych potrzebach użytkownika.
EN
The article presents an overview of modern technologies with their possible application by individuals with limited motor ability of all limbs replacing traditional solutions, i.e. a mouse and a computer keyboard. Due to applied technologies, the solutions being discussed have been classified into four groups: based on face tracking, based on eye tracking, based on an object location recognition and others. Analysing representatives of each group a comparison of the technologies according to nine criteria which are significant from a user’s point of view has been made. The weight of particular criteria has been assigned on the basis of a survey research. It has been determined that despite comparable cumulative evaluations of the systems, a selection of a system ought to be each time based on a user’s individual needs.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono kilka innowacyjnych technologii, mających na celu ułatwienie codziennego życia osobom niepełnosprawnym, a także przyczynienia się do zwiększenia ich aktywności na rynku pracy. Przegląd wybranych urządzeń, w tym również informatycznych, został uzupełniony o opisy spektakularnych przypadków zastosowań. Przedstawiono również innowacyjne programy i projekty wspierające osoby niepełnosprawne. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie najnowszych technik współczesnego świata, zbadanie, czy są one ułatwieniem, czy raczej utrudnieniem w podjęciu lub utrzymaniu zatrudnienia, a także ich wpływu na życie zawodowe osób niepełnosprawnych. Oczywiste jest, że materiały multimedialne powinny być wolne od barier i aby każdy, niezależnie od umiejętności, sprawności i miejsca zamieszkania, mógł w pełni korzystać z cyfrowego świata. Dlatego podjęto szerokie działania na rzecz projektowania uniwersalnego i zarządzania różnorodnością w miejscu pracy. PFRON we współpracy z organizacjami pozarządowymi oferuje innowacyjne projekty na rzecz inkluzji zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych. Rodzi się pytanie, czy wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii przyczyni się do wyrównania szans bezrobotnych niepełnosprawnych na rynku pracy?
EN
This article presents several innovative technologies aimed at facilitating the everyday life of people with disabilities, as well as contributing to increasing their activity on the labor market. An overview of selected devices, including IT, has been supplemented with descriptions of spectacular applications. Innovative programs and projects supporting the employment of disabled people are also presented. The aim of the article is to present the latest techniques of the modern world, to examine whether they are a facilitation or rather a difficulty in taking up or maintaining employment, as well as their impact on the professional life of disabled people. It is obvious that multimedia materials should be barrier-free and that everyone, regardless of their skills, abilities and place of residence, can take full advantage of the digital world. That is why broad actions have been taken for universal design and diversity management in the workplace. PFRON, in cooperation with non-governmental organizations, offers innovative projects for the inclusion of people with disabilities. The question is, will the use of modern technologies contribute to the equalization of opportunities of the unemployed with disabilities in the labor market?
EN
Św. Marcin street in Poznań used to be one of the most important places in city, which was full of life. In order to restore the old character of the space, the street was include in the “Centrum I” revitalization project, the aim of which was to revitalize public space, renew the technical infrastructure and calm down car traffic. After completion of renovation works and handing over part of św. Marcin street a many opinions of the users of the space under study appeared, saying that it is still inaccessible due to the presence of architectural-urbanistic barrier. The aim of the lecture is to present how the revitalisation measures have influenced the level of accessibility to the space of św. Marcin street in Poznań. The authors will answer the question whether the revitalization project was created and implemented taking into the priciples of universal design.
PL
Ulica św. Marcin w Poznaniu stanowiła niegdyś jedno z ważniejszych miejsc na mapie Poznania, które tętniło życiem. Aby przywrócić dawny charakter przestrzeni, ulicę objęto projektem rewitalizacyjnym Centrum I, którego celem była rewaloryzacja przestrzeni publicznej, odnowa infrastruktury technicznej oraz uspokojenie ruchu samochodowego. Po zakończeniu prac remontowych i oddaniu części ulicy św. Marcin do użytku pojawiło się wiele opinii użytkowników badanej przestrzeni, mówiących, że jest ona wciąż niedostępna ze względu na obecność barier architektoniczno-urbanistycznych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, jak działania rewitalizacyjne wpłynęły na poziom dostępności przestrzeni ulicy św. Marcin w Poznaniu. Autorzy odpowiedzą na pytanie, czy projekt rewitalizacyjny został stworzony i zrealizowany z uwzględnieniem zasad projektowania uniwersalnego.
EN
Conscious shaping of space is nowadays an indisputable challenge, but also a requirement addressed to the state in connection with the dynamically changing needs of society. The state’s increasing concern for its citizens has resulted in changes, also in terms of public space and the needs of people with disabilities. New instruments and institutions are being created and actions are being taken to adapt space so that people with special needs have at least minimal access to urban infrastructure. The aim of this study is to characterize the needs of this particular group of people and the current activities undertaken by the Polish state. The work defines the concept of space, mainly public space, and architectural accessibility. Both the legal and organizational conditions created to ensure architectural accessibility were characterized.
PL
Świadome kształtowanie przestrzeni jest współcześnie bezdyskusyjnym wyzwaniem, ale także wymaganiem skierowanym do państwa w związku z dynamicznie zmieniającymi się potrzebami społeczeństwa. Coraz większa troska państwa o swoich obywateli spowodowała zmiany także jeśli chodzi o przestrzeń publiczną i potrzeby osób z niepełnosprawnościami. Tworzone są nowe instrumenty oraz instytucje, podejmowane są działania służące dostosowaniu przestrzeni, aby osoby ze szczególnymi potrzebami miały zapewniony przynajmniej minimalny dostęp do infrastruktury miejskiej. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest charakterystyka potrzeb tej szczególnej grupy ludzi oraz aktualnych działań podejmowanych przez państwo polskie. W pracy zostało zdefiniowane pojęcie przestrzeni, głównie publicznej, oraz dostępności architektonicznej. Scharakteryzowano uwarunkowania prawne oraz organizacyjne stworzone po to, by zapewnić dostępność architektoniczną.
EN
Principles and Guidelines for Establishing of Urban Playgrounds, Sensory Gardens and Open Air Science Museums in the Framework of Design for Children and Youth with Visual Impairment
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