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Resettlement Multiculturality

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EN
The aim of the study is to present the concept of resettlement multiculturality. The multiculturality of displaced persons, the kind characterising resettlement in Western Poland, was not brought about spontaneously and is governed by entirely different principles. At this point one should contemplate the methods that assisted in the management of a city that is multicultural in character due to residents having been resettled, a city whose identity has not fully formed. Such a measure could also bring empirical confirmation uprooting occurred in the fourth generation. Presenting the concept of resettlement multiculturality the author is making use of – among other things – memory studies, Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital and his concepts of habitus, field and game, and the research of Geert Hofstede.
EN
The text is an attempt to emphasize the Lemkos’ perspective in the commemoration of the Operation ‘Vistula’ seventy years after its completion. From this perspective cultural consequences are more important than any other, because being a Lemko as an ethno-cultural category was completely destroyed as a result of the dislocation, and Lemkos were subjected to denationalization. The considerations of this paper have been wrapped around two main threads – the first refers to the ideological connection of the Lemkos with the Ukrainians as victims of the operation “Wisła” to motivate the unity of their identities. In this case, the falsehood and negative effects of such propaganda were shown. The second theme exposes the essence of cultural losses, emphasizing language issues which threaten this group’s existence as a separate ethnos. It is partly based on research on trauma related to dislocation and disappearance of the most important determinants of cultural identity of Lemkos, on statistical data established during the 2002 and 2011 censuses and observations of ethnic behaviors and attitudes in generations of children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of displaced persons. The examples given and the data show the alarming scale of fragmentation and destruction of the Lemko community seventy years since the ‘Vistula has flowed’, or the strategic denationalization is a kind of threatening message formulated with the framework of the humanities involved.
EN
In Poland there has been very little research on Japanese Canadians and their experience of incarceration during the Second World War. Therefore, this paper intends to fill in this gap. In particular, the article aims to examine the reaction of the Canadian government and society towards the Japanese Canadians in the face of the Pacific War. The paper also offers a review of the situation of the Japanese Canadian community in the pre-war Canada and describes the events that preceded and influenced the decision of the federal government to remove the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast. Since the wartime experiences of Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians were similar, I decided to compare the fate of those two minorities after the Pearl Harbor attack. Also the Canadian policy towards the people of Japanese origin after the war is discussed here.
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