Search results

1

Security of Large Urban Centres

100%

Szczurek T., Bryczek-Wróbel P.

Internal Security

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2017

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vol. 9(2)

61-79

EN

One of the processes characterising the changes in the modern world is the intense urbanisation of public space. Generally speaking, this is manifested through an increase in the urban population rate in a given area. From the point of view of the security of large urban centres, the most important issue is the growing concentration of population in the current area. However it is equally important to ensure security in the context of its spatial development, i.e. in an ever-expanding zone that creates an agglomeration. When seen like this, urbanisation is associated with significant challenges for the institutions responsible for security both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Modifications of security systems for large urban areas forming the agglomerations should take into account all of the following: demographic, economic, and socio-cultural factors, and, finally, the changes in the lifestyle of the inhabitants of these agglomerations. While searching for directions of institutional and functional changes for security systems, it seems important to characterise contemporary agglomerations, and to identify common features and define the most serious threats. These common features are primarily high population density and infrastructure concentration, including critical infrastructure systems. The threats resulting from this are primarily threats to public order and security, as well as terrorist threats, and, in the area of technical functioning of the agglomeration, a widespread power failure, a so-called ‘blackout’, resulting in an avalanche of secondary hazards. These threats seem to be a direct consequence of the metropolitan nature of the region where they occur.

2

The capital agglomeration of the Republic of Korea as a fuzzy central place system

100%

Em P. P.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2016

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vol. 34

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issue 34

7-15

EN

Explosive urbanization in the Republic of Korea from 1950 to 2010 marked by a growth in extensive urban agglomerations rendered unproductive the approach that was commonly used in the central place theory and which considered every element of the settlement system as a point in a homogeneous space. The paper suggests an alternative concept of fuzzy central place that makes possible the understanding of an internal heterogeneity in the distribution of central functions within the limits of urban agglomerations. This research was conducted using the example of the Capital agglomeration - the main element of the Republic of Korea’s urban settlement system. This “island” country, isolated by North Korea, has seen fantastic economic growth in the second half of the 20th century.

3

Delimitacja obszaru aglomeracji olsztyńskiej

100%

Bogdański M.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2014

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issue 1(1)

58-73

EN

Cities and urban agglomerations shape the process of economic development in a significant way, both in national and regional scale,. The desire to improve the level and dynamics of economic development of an agglomeration and surrounding areas requires a coordination of actions undertaken by local governments of units forming an agglomeration. This, in turn, raises an important issue of determining the spatial extent of their impact. The aim of the study is to delimitate the boundaries of functional area of Olsztyn agglomeration. Agglomeration area is a highly integrated functional area where various functions are realized like, for example, manufacturing, consumption, administrative or commercial. These functions are realized in different parts of an agglomeration area, so in that respect it is not uniform, but there is always a high degree of integration and an intensity of relationships. Most often used, but not the only one, criterion for the delimitation of functional urban region is the spatial extent of daily commuting. The factors used to delimitate the functional area of Olsztyn agglomeration relate to morphological criteria (that is associated with the degree, intensity of use of space), the functional criterion (reflecting the degree of relationship between the center city and surrounding area) and a criterion of the dynamics of socio-economic processes taking place in the urban area (they refer primarily to the dynamics of migration processes and to the economic development of the surveyed units). One of the characteristic features of urban agglomerations is, in fact, greater intensity and variability of changes taking place in its functioning. The analyzes lead to the conclusion that the functional area of Olsztyn agglomeration consists of 12 municipalities (except the city of Olsztyn) – nine of them belong to the Olsztyn poviat (Barczewo, Dobre Miasto, Dywity, Gietrzwałd, Jeziorany, Jonkowo, Purda, Stawiguda, Świątki), two to the Szczytno poviat (Dźwierzuty, Pasym) and one to the Ostróda poviat (Lukta). The functional area of Olsztyn agglomeration at the end of 2010 consisted of 268 684 people, representing 18.8% of the population of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship. The size of the area is, in turn, 2 682 km2, which makes 11.1% of the voivodship. The agglomeration is home to the largest and most important in Warmia and Mazury region employers, government agencies and local governments, colleges and universities. In Olsztyn there are also located important for the whole region cultural and economic institutions as well as health care facilities. The production structure is dominated by the food industry, machinery, furniture and tire production. Tourism is also an important industry, because of its location and the landscape.

4

Reconsidering Zipf's law for regional development: The case of settlements and cities in Croatia

88%

Josic H., Bašić M.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2018

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vol. 22

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issue 1

EN

Zipf's law is a striking regularity in the field of urban economics that states that the sizes of cities should follow the rank-size distribution. Rank-size distribution, or the rank-size rule, is a commonly observed statistical relationship between the population size and population rank of a nations' cities. The goal of this paper is to test Zipf's law as applied to data for settlements and cities in Croatia using the Census of Population Survey for the year 2011. The results of the analysis have shown that Zipf's law for settlements in Croatia holds true for the majority of the settlement sizes. However, the rank-size distribution does not hold true for extremely small and extremely large settlement sizes. When city proper and urban agglomeration of 127 Croatian cities were examined, Zipf's law was found to hold true only for urban agglomerations. The results of the study are discussed in terms of regional development.

5

Analysis of socio-economic spatial structure of urban agglomeration in China based on spatial gradient and clustering

88%

He L., Tao J. g., Meng P., Chen D., Yan M., Vasa L.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2021

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vol. 12

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issue 3

789-819

EN

Research background: Previous studies on the economic and social development of urban agglomerations mostly focus on a single primacy comparative analysis and efficiency evaluation. Spatial structure differentiation is an important feature of urban agglomeration. The lack of economic and social analysis on the spatial structure makes it impossible to determine the development positioning of each city in the urban agglomeration, which affects the sustainable economic development ability of these areas. Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to analyze the spatial development law and experience of urban agglomeration, this study explores the practice of economic and population spatial structure of city areas in China. For this purpose, CPUA and its central city Zhengzhou was taken as an example, the spatial gradient structure of example was analyzed. Methods: Using economic and population data of 32 cities in this region, growth pole theory, and pole-axis theory, the economic and population spatial structure of urban agglomeration, the spatial gradient structure of central cities in urban agglomerations were analyzed with the method of cluster about radiation index. Findings & value added: (1) In the process of the formation of CPUA, the geo-graphical spatial pattern plays a decisive role in economic and social development. This is an experience from developing countries. (2) CPUA presents a gradient development pattern with Zhengzhou as the center, and economic and social development gradually radiates to the metropolitan area, the core development area, and the character development demonstration area. (3) The economic and social gradients of Zhengzhou, the central city, present the hierarchy rules and characteristics which are driven by the Beijing-Guangzhou-Railway axis and the Longhai-Railway axis. (4) The central city of Zhengzhou still presents insufficient primacy in regional development, which shows that Zhengzhou accounts for 6% of the population of the Central Plains Economic Zone and 14% of GDP, and insufficient agglomeration. Different countries at different stages of economic development have different urban agglomeration development models. The conclusions from China provide new decision-making ideas and methods for spatial structure research and development strategy analysis of urban agglomerations.

6

The transformation of spatial linkages in Łódź urban agglomeration in the last four decades

88%

Pielesiak I., Łódzki U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica

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2014

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issue 16

EN

The transformation of centrally planned economy into market economy brought significant changes within Łódź urban agglomeration both in the structure and strength of spatial linkages. Those changes refer in particular to permanent migrations, as well as workforce and students’ commuting flows. They lead to strengthening the role of Łódź as the cultural centre of the region and the development of linkages within technical infrastructural networks. The socio-economic transition changed the conditions of institutional cooperation, too. However, taking contemporary inter-municipal relationships into consideration Łódź urban agglomeration doesn’t seem to keep up with other Polish agglomerations, even those of significantly lesser socio-economic potential.

PL

Transformacja gospodarki centralnie planowanej w gospodarkę rynkową wywołała znaczące przemiany struktury i zasięgu powiązań przestrzennych w aglomeracji łódzkiej. Zmiany te odnoszą się w szczególności do migracji stałych, ale także do przemieszczeń osób dojeżdżających do miejsc pracy oraz nauki. Doprowadziły one do wzmocnienia roli Łodzi jako kulturalnego centrum regionu i do rozwoju powiązań w obrębie sieci infrastruktury technicznej. Transformacja społeczno-ekonomiczna zmieniła również warunki współpracy instytucjonalnej. Analiza współczesnych związków międzygminnych w aglomeracji łódzkiej wskazuje jednakże, że pozostaje ona za innymi aglomeracjami miejskimi kraju, nawet tymi o znacznie mniejszym potencjale społeczno- -gospodarczym.

7

Lesistość w Polsce w przekrojach terytorialnych

63%

Ciesielska K., Ciesielski M.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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2017

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issue 5

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zmiany lesistości w Polsce w latach 2002— —2014 w różnych przekrojach terytorialnych. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie danych GUS o powierzchni gruntów leśnych oraz o ludności i zmianach w podziale administracyjnym, które porównano w odniesieniu do województw, gmin oraz aglomeracji miejskich. W badanym okresie powierzchnia gruntów leśnych zwiększyła się o 290 tys. ha, co oznacza wzrost lesistości o 0,9 p.proc. w całym kraju. Wzrosła również powierzchnia leśna na 1000 mieszkańców (średnio w Polsce o 5,7 ha). Różnice w kształtowaniu się obu wskaźników najmocniej uwidoczniły się na poziomie gmin.

EN

The aim of the article is to present changes in forest cover within 2002—2014 in different territorial profiles. The analysis was conducted on the basis of CSO data concerning forest land, population and changes in administrative division, which were compared in relation to gminas, voivodships and urban agglomerations. The results indicate an increase in forest land area by 290000 ha in the period analysed, which implies an increase in the forest cover indicator by 0.9% across the country. The forest area per 1000 inhabitants also increased (on average by 5.7 ha in Poland). The differences in both indicators were the most visible at a lower territorial level.

8

Searching for alternative possibilities for improving the living conditions of city residents through modifications to traffic flow

63%

Simiński P., Płochocki P., Kravcov A.

Zeszyty Naukowe UPH seria Administracja i Zarządzanie

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2023

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vol. 61

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issue 134

115-122

EN

The identification of best practices in traffic organization and road infrastructure in urban agglomerations indicates their low effectiveness in terms of traffic flow. Through the acquisition and synthesis of available knowledge, this article aims to foreground effective organizational and technical concepts that will help efficiently reduce traffic congestion in urban agglomerations. A modern city or urban area is a system of interconnected elements that influence people’s quality of life; influenced, among other things, by the accessibility of amenities or urban space related to the effort required for mobility, often involving emotional, temporal, and financial costs. People’s movement encounters many limitations related to urban area management. The conducted theoretical research indicates that any effective reduction of traffic congestion in urban agglomerations would require a combination of different organizational and technical solutions. Best practices in traffic organization and road infrastructure include the development of public transport networks, the implementation of intelligent transport systems, variable road pricing, and urban planning that considers traffic flow. Of course, radical restrictions on road traffic in cities are also possible through the utilization of various technical and organizational solutions, such as promoting alternative means of transportation.

PL

Zidentyfikowanie najlepszych praktyk w zakresie organizacji ruchu i infrastruktury drogowej w aglomeracjach miejskich wskazuje na niską ich efektywność w zakresie przepływów w ruchu drogowym. Pozyskanie i synteza dostępnej wiedzy ma na celu opracowanie efektywnych koncepcji organizacyjnych i technicznych rozwiązań, które pomogą w zmniejszeniu występowania korków drogowych w aglomeracjach miejskich. Nowoczesne miasto lub obszar zurbanizowany jest systemem “połączonych naczyń", które wpływają na komfort życia ludzi. Jeden z głównych czynników determinujących satysfakcję z życia w miastach to jakość życia. Podlega on wpływom m.in. dostępności udogodnień lub przestrzeni miejskiej związanej z podejmowaniem wysiłku w celu przemieszczenia się, co często wiąże się z wysiłkiem emocjonalnym, czasowym i kosztowym. Przemieszczanie się ludzi napotyka wiele ograniczeń wynikających z zarządzania obszarem zurbanizowanym. Przeprowadzone badania teoretyczne wskazują, że skuteczne zmniejszenie korków drogowych w aglomeracjach miejskich wymaga kombinacji różnych koncepcji organizacyjnych i technicznych rozwiązań. Najlepsze praktyki w zakresie organizacji ruchu i infrastruktury drogowej obejmują między innymi rozwijanie sieci transportu publicznego, wdrożenie systemów inteligentnego transportu, stosowanie opłat drogowych zmiennych w czasie i planowanie przestrzenne uwzględniające ruch drogowy. Oczywiście autorzy zdają sobie sprawę, że radykalne ograniczenie ruchu drogowego w miastach jest możliwe dzięki wykorzystaniu różnych rozwiązań technicznych i organizacyjnych, takich jak: promowanie alternatywnych środków transportu.

9

Depopulacja zespołów miejskich w sudeckiej części Dolnego Śląska

51%

Szmytkie R.

Konwersatorium Wiedzy o Mieście

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2016

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vol. 29

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issue 1

75-83

EN

The main object of this paper was the analysis of population changes which took place in the years 1995–2014 in the Jelenia Góra and Wałbrzych agglomerations. Current poor demographic situation of Jelenia Góra and Wałbrzych is caused by the negative economic, social and administrative changes, which occurred in the last decade of the 20th century. Depopulation of the both cities was not compensated by suburbanization of their hinterlands. This problem concerned the Wałbrzych agglomeration in particular. Low dynamics of suburbanization was caused there by a weakness of the economic base of local urban centres and by a negative image of the Wałbrzych city and the entire Wałbrzych Basin. A proximity of Wrocław city has also negatively influenced the demographic situation of both discussed agglomerations.

PL

Głównym celem opracowania jest analiza zmian ludnościowych, jakie miały miejsce w aglomeracjach jeleniogórskiej i wałbrzyskiej w latach 1995–2014. Sytuację demograficzną Jeleniej Góry i Wałbrzycha pogorszyły niekorzystne zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze i administracyjne w latach 90. XX w. Ubytek liczby ludności w tych miastach nie jest rekompensowany przez procesy suburbanizacji w ich otoczeniu. Dotyczy to w szczególności aglomeracji wałbrzyskiej, gdzie rozwój suburbanizacji utrudnia słabość bazy ekonomicznej tutejszych ośrodków miejskich oraz niekorzystny wizerunek Wałbrzycha i całego regionu wałbrzyskiego. Negatywny wpływ na sytuację demograficzną obu zespołów miejskich ma także oddziaływanie niedalekiego Wrocławia.

Refine search results

Security of Large Urban Centres

The capital agglomeration of the Republic of Korea as a fuzzy central place system

Delimitacja obszaru aglomeracji olsztyńskiej

Reconsidering Zipf's law for regional development: The case of settlements and cities in Croatia

Analysis of socio-economic spatial structure of urban agglomeration in China based on spatial gradient and clustering

The transformation of spatial linkages in Łódź urban agglomeration in the last four decades

Lesistość w Polsce w przekrojach terytorialnych

Searching for alternative possibilities for improving the living conditions of city residents through modifications to traffic flow

Depopulacja zespołów miejskich w sudeckiej części Dolnego Śląska