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PL
Wiele dóbr w miastach posiada charakter dóbr wspólnych (ang. commons). Dobra te są użytkowane w przestrzeni miasta jednocześnie przez wiele podmiotów, co powoduje problemy typowe dla dóbr publicznych. Do zbioru tego należą między innymi przestrzenie publiczne, nieruchomości komunalne, miejski transport zbiorowy, ale także – w wymiarze niematerialnym – współdzielone w mieście wartości i postawy, miejska kultura i tożsamość. Współcześnie miejskie commons stanowią przedmiot dynamicznych przeobrażeń w zakresie sposobu ich wytwarzania i użytkowania. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie pojęcia miejskich dóbr wspólnych w ujęciu teoretycznym z perspektywy ekonomii miasta, jak również zaprezentowanie kluczowych wyzwań metodologicznych, ważnych z punktu widzenia prowadzenia potencjalnych badań nad tym zjawiskiem.
EN
Many goods that are used by urban dwellers are common goods. They are used by many entities at the same time, which generates problems typical of public goods. The goods are, among others, public spaces and properties, urban transport and infrastructure, but also such immaterial elements as shared urban values and attitudes, urban culture and identity. Today’s urban commons are subject to dynamic transformations in the way they are created, supplied, and used. The aim of the paper is to present the notion of urban common goods theoretically, from the perspective of urban economics, as well as to review key methodological challenges which are important from the point of view of potential studies on this phenomenon.
EN
The processes of communing, or social, grassroots initiatives aimed to manage selected resources, which may currently be observed in many communities, represent characteristics typical of real utopias – it is a vision of the future that begins to partly come true through the effort of the people involved. The commons, emerging in many places around the world, are for the time being a marginal phenomenon and in many cases still an experiment. However, in terms of a global system this stage in the adaptive cycle (disintegration, reorganisation) is a time of experimenting and searching for new solutions, not only ideological but primarily the practical ones, which will allow people to function in new conditions. Being the centres of human civilisation and development, cities adapt the classic concept of the commons to their current situation, as recently represented by the idea of Urban Commons.
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