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EN
This article presents a study in urban dialects of Polish and Czech researchers. The author introduces the history and structural features of Polish and Czech urban dialects, shows differences between them in theoretical, structural and typological aspects. The main differences in the structure are caused by the various differentiation of both languages. The author comes to the conclusion that Czech urban dialects consist of many variants of the national language and are positioned high culturally and socially. Polish urban dialects that appeared in a community of low social status reveal differences in lexicon and phonetics. Nowadays, the urban dialects of both languages function as advertising and an element of folklore and are proof of citizens’ physical association with their cities and show their mentality and cultural characteristics.
RU
Статья посвящена проблематике изучения городских диалектов польскими и чешскими учеными. Рассматривается история и структурная характеристика польских и чешских городских диалектов. В работе представлены различия языка города в Польше и Чехии в теоретическом, структурном и типологическом планах. Основные несоответствия в структурах городских диалектов объяснены разницами в дифференциации национального языка как польского, так и чешского. Изученные исследования показали, что чешские городские диалекты представляют собой смесь разных вариантов национального языка, а их культурносоциальный статус является достаточно высоким. Польские городские диалекты, возникшие среди носителей с низким социальным статусом, отличаются друд от друга, в них имеются различия на лексическом и фонетическом уровях. В настоящее время городские диалекты обоих языков выполняют фольклорно-рекламную функцию и свидетельствуют о связи горожан со своим городом, их менталитете и культурных особенностях.
EN
The article researches foreign language elements in the urban dialects of a few Slavonic cities. Those elements can function in urban dialects in different ways. In the urban dialects of Warsaw, Poznan, Lviv and Brno they appear as a result of lexical borrowings, which are caused by contacts between groups of citizens of different nationalities. In this situation a Czech city, Ostrava, stands out: all of the Polish elements in its urban dialect are proof of maintained remains of a Polish foundation. Those are still vivid marks of multiple and complex lingual contacts and historical events in the area of Zaolzie.
RU
Статья посвящена проблематике иноязычных элементов в городских диалектах некоторых славянских городов. Иноязычные элементы могут проникать в городские диалекты различными путями. В городских диалектах Варшавы, Познани, Львова и Брна они появляются как результат классических заимствований, как итог контактов групп горожан различных национальностей. В этом плане чешская Острава стоит особняком, так как все польские элементы этого городского диалекта представляют собой сохранившиеся остатки польского субстрата. Это ещё живые следы сложных языковых контактов и исторических событий на территории так называемого Заользия (чешс. Záolší).
EN
This article has been written following a thesis in which I analyse borrowings from foreign languages in the urban dialect of Split, with references to Pasje novelete by Miljenko Smoje. To this end, I have conducted a lexical and etymological survey on the vocabulary excerpted from the book and I have delved into linguistic statistics. Consequently, I have documented the number and frequency of words borrowed from foreign languages. I also present a detailed calculation of the relationships between the borrowings and juxtaposed with the native vocabulary. In addition, I present a historical outline of the contacts between Croatian and other languages. I describe their intensity and the recent situation as reflected in the lexical area of the Croatian language. Finally, I make several comments on the semantic characteristics of loan words.
EN
The purpose of the article was to determine the viability of German loanwords (prototypically associated with Poznań urban dialect) in the language of the inhabitants of the city in the XXI century. The questionnaire, which is the basis to gather research material, contained three commands – one closed and two open. It covered 120 respondents in three age groups. For general conclusion emerging from the results of a questionnaire study can be considered that germanisms are still alive in the lexis of Poznań dialect. Many of germanisms of Poznań dialect are still well-known by all generations, although knowledge of this vocabulary is often only passive. Very few of the respondents admit to use it. Residents of the city are aware of the regional marked of many lexemes, and their German etymology – isolated pointed up to 112 different germanisms of Poznań dialect.The attitude of Poznań residents to German loans in their language is rather positive. They note their recessive nature of the cross-generational, although they acknowledge (regardless of age) that there are still alot of them. They are also aware of when and with what communication intention they can be used
EN
The theme of the article are lexical (vocabulary and phraseology) parameters for the sin of anger in Poznań urban dialect. Anger is a sin most (in comparison with other sins) represented at the lexical level of this dialect (159 units). The authors suggest linguistic picture of the manifestations of this sin in two different areas – physical (physical aggression) and psychological (verbal aggression). The analyzed vocabulary, most strongly marked expressively, mainly refers to the anger that is directed at the person (less for situations almost never on objects). This is consistent with the theological perspective on sin in terms of personalistic – as the guilt of the person over another person.
EN
This paper presents urban dialect as a determining factor of local identity. The author analyses the definitions of dialect and shows the changing perception of this concept, as well as its nature and the current role. Regional identity and its correlation with the dialect is also addressed. The present considerations are explored through the example of the present-day urban dialect of the city of Poznań, which, despite of decreasing number of active users, shows an increase in popularity and willingness to cultivate it in forms that allow the language to be perceived in terms of regional identity. Local dialect of the city of Poznań is analysed in a historical context, showing the significant influence of the German language and the economic and social changes of the city on the language formation. The paper also investigates urban dialect from a modern perspective, discussing its appearance in radio, texts and books.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia gwarę miejską w kontekście determinanta tożsamości regionalnej. Autorka analizuje definicje gwary i wskazuje na zmieniający się odbiór tego pojęcia, jak i jego charakter i obecną rolę. Omówiona jest także tożsamość regionalna i jej korelacja z gwarą. Niniejsze rozważania eksplikowane są na przykładzie współczesnej gwary miejskiej Poznania, która mimo coraz mniejszej liczby czynnych użytkowników wykazuje wzrost popularności i chęć kultywowania w formach pozwalających postrzegać ten język w aspektach tożsamości regionalnej. Gwara poznańska analizowana jest w kontekście historycznym, gdzie wskazano na istotny wpływ języka niemieckiego oraz przemian gospodarczo-społecznych miasta na kształtowanie się języka mieszkańców Poznania. Artykuł rozpatruje gwarę miejską także we współczesnym ujęciu, omawiając jej występowanie w radiu, tekstach i książkach.
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PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na usystematyzowaniu aktualnych badań doty-czących języka miasta Moskwy i próby odniesienia tej kategorii do podstaw metodolo-gicznych i zakresów definicyjnych w badaniach czeskich i polskich dialektów miejskich. Próba usystematyzowania tej formacji może być bazą do konfrontacji w zakresie językowo-kulturowych aspektów przestrzeni miejskiej miast Słowiańszczyzny.
EN
This paper focuses on systematizing current research on the Moscowurban dialect and qualifying this category to the developed methodology in the study of Czech and Polish urban dialects. The attempt to systematize this formation provides a basis for the confrontational cultural-lingual study of the urban space of the Warsaw urban dialect, Brno slang – Hantec, and Moscow urban dialect.
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