The article’s aim is to demonstrate how migration regimes tacitly operate at the level of everyday practices. We propose to see migrants’ leisure, recreational use of parks in particular, as a venue for the internalization and embodiment of migration regimes. We seek to explore if migrants negotiate and resist these regimes through their everyday practices. Our study is based on 70 interviews with Ukrainian and Vietnamese migrants in Poland, Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands, Turkish migrants in Germany, and Latino and Chinese migrants in the U.S. We present migrants’ perceptions of urban parks’ rules and their interactions with other park users. Particular attention is paid to migrants’ ability to negotiate the existing regulations and to adjust these environments to their needs. We discuss the mechanisms that limit migrants’ ability to negotiate the frameworks of migration regimes through their leisurely use of urban parks.
Katowice is the central city in the Silesian Agglomeration. Commonly, it is associated with high industrialization and the mining industry, but it also has a wealth of green spaces. Sports have had a long history in Katowice. Physical culture developed together with political and economic changes, also following the main trends stemming from abroad. Even today in the city, we can see the development a modern trend: outdoor exercise. In the conducted study on the physical activity of residents in Katowice (N = 250), 11 city parks were taken into consideration. The aim of the study was to identify factors (forms, availability, management, and motivation) responsible for the development of recreation and parks in urban areas of large cities. It was found that the Katowice parks are suitable places to practice various terrain forms of movement and to have sports facilities.
Museum gardens or gardens accompanying museums may be divided into three basic types: historical gardens of museum-residences in cities (or historically suburban, but nowadays within the city limits), thematic gardens designed today as an extension or an opening of the museum into the city, as well as the most common ones, gardens or rather green areas beside museums, typically green squares or just lawns. It is worth reminding the people responsible for the surroundings of museum institutions how important it is to consciously design spaces around museum buildings in order to establish the institution’s position, both with respect to its immediate neighbours, i.e. the local community, and the other inhabitants of the city or tourists. The aim of this article is also to highlight the social function of museum gardens in cities, which is just as important as their roles as decoration and as close adjuncts to the museums themselves. For the inhabitants of the city, a museum garden is primarily a local public park, a place for everyday walks, for socialising, whose state and appearance is of keen interest. Museums cannot neglect this sense of affection and interest. A museum which treats its garden as another exhibition should also adapt its offer to the needs and expectations of its immediate neighbours.
PL
Ogrody muzeów lub też ogrody towarzyszące muzeom można podzielić na trzy podstawowe typy: zabytkowe ogrody muzeów rezydencji w miastach (lub podmiejskie historycznie, a dziś znajdujące się w obrębie tkanki miejskiej), ogrody tematyczne projektowane współcześnie jako przedłużenie lub otwarcie muzeów na miasto oraz najczęstsze – ogrody czy raczej tereny zielone towarzyszące muzeom, a na ogół zieleńce lub po prostu trawniki. Warto zwrócić uwagę osób odpowiedzialnych za otoczenie instytucji muzealnych na to, jak ważną rolę dla budowania pozycji instytucji mogą spełniać świadomie zaprojektowane przestrzenie wokół budynków muzealnych – zarówno wobec najbliższych sąsiadów czyli społeczności lokalnej, jak i innych mieszkańców miasta, ale także wobec turystów. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi także na społeczną funkcję ogrodów muzeów w miastach – równie istotną, co role: dekoracyjna i ściśle muzealna. Dla mieszkańców miasta ogród muzeum jest przede wszystkim lokalnym parkiem publicznym, miejscem codziennych spacerów, życia towarzyskiego, przedmiotem żywego zainteresowania jego kondycją i urodą. Muzeum nie może tego przywiązania i zainteresowania ignorować. Muzeum traktując ogród jako kolejną ekspozycję powinno dostosować swoją ofertę także do potrzeb i oczekiwań najbliższych sąsiadów.
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