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1

Sport and Recreation Grounds: Urban Society Expectations

100%
Pawlikowska-Piechotka A., Sawicka K.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2013
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vol. 57
|
issue 1
33-43
EN
Recently, changes to our pace of living and to our quality of life (including demands of our leisure possibilities) have been rapid. We now expect higher standards of living filled with goods, services, and recreation activities unimaginable some decades ago. In the last two decades, there have been massive changes in work, communication, and travel resulting in what could be described as “leisure revolution.” The opportunities have increased in terms of both the time available and the variety of ways in which we can spend this time. Several aspects of physical exercise benefits are well recognized: we know that active recreation is especially stimulating and rewarding and that it helps to achieve sharper mental awareness and heightened consciousness. To be able to enjoy everyday outdoor active recreation and sports (netball, badminton, etc.), there has to be a network of recreation grounds and a supply of facilities that respond to the needs and expectations of society. The study of contemporary trends of leisure provision could be an essential spatial planning tool when contemporary housing estates functional programs are considered. Our research study (conducted on the basis of grants ds-114 and ds-144 AWF JP Warsaw; 2008-2012, supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education) aimed to provide information on present trends in the area of active recreation that could impinge on leisure facilities expected at urban housing estates (outdoor recreation grounds).
2
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Alternative culture in a socialist city  : Punkers and long-haired people in Prague in the 1980s

75%
Pixová M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2013
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vol. 100
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issue 3
319-338
EN
Cities in socialist Czechoslovakia were meant to constitute the setting for an ideal socialist society. The dogmatic embracement of this objective by the ruling Communist Party eventuated in complete intolerance towards any manifestation of free-thinking of alleged opposition to socialism. Starting in the 1960s, part od Czechoslovak youth were inspired by the Western countercultural hippie movement and the Beat generation, as well as by punk subculture beginning in the 1970s. These people openly displayed their alienation from the official cultury by disrupting the established societal standards of appearance, behaviour, and leisure activities.
3

Zur sozialen Differenzierung in den preußischen Hansestädten im Spätmittelalter

75%
Czaja R.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2013
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vol. 78
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issue 4
5-18
EN
The source base of the research presented here were city statutes [German: Willkür], state regulations issued by the territorial ruler and other documents revealing the manner in which various social groups were perceived. The research problem was presented in the form of a comparative study with the use of sources from other Hanseatic towns of the Baltic zone. The author poses a question about the infl uence of social and political conditions on the perception and representation of the social order in cities. The author also addresses the question concerning the idea of social diversifi cation shared by all Hanseatic towns. The research shows that an oligarchic governing group and a dychotomic division in which merchants were contrasted with the rest of people are typical of a Hanseatic town. Unlike other regions of the Baltic zone, Prussian towns were retarded in terms of social diversifi cation in the municipal anti-luxury legislation. It was not until the end of the 15th and 16th centuries that city statutes issued in Prussian towns determined the choice of clothes and the splendour of family ceremonies depending on social class (profession, wealth, offices held). It is characteristic that this type of diversifi cation appears as early as the first half of the 15th century in regulations introduced by the territorial ruler (the Teutonic Order), which were not included in the collections of city statutes in big Prussian towns – except in Malbork. The author puts forward a hypothesis that the ruling classes in big Prussian towns at the time of political competition with the Teutonic Order and during the Thirteen Years‘ War (1454–1466) tried to create an egalitarian picture of society to legitimise their position towards the territorial ruler.
4
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Doktryna odpowiedzialności społecznej miast

51%
Lipińska E. J.
Przestrzeń Społeczna
|
2018
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vol. 1
|
issue 1/2018 (15)
EN
The changes in the global economic and political system in the 20th century and the cessation of some and the emergence of new economic, ecological and social crises have resulted in a return to the concept of the doctrine of the social responsibility of the organisation. The change in the classical priorities of the economy for ones of corporate social responsibility included issues of natural and social environments. The environments are the hosts for organisations that produce and distribute wealth and services. The revival of the corporate social responsibility trend in the 21st century appeared due to international social organisations, which recognised the prosperity of semi-peripheral and peripheral societies as important to follow the well-being of the core countries. According to the doctrine of corporate social responsibility, it is possible to restore the economy of basic ethical values and human rights. The model of corporate social responsibility was proposed by Richard E. Smith. In turn, Milton Friedman talks about the responsibility of profit. However, sustainable development requires the perception of different management solutions. The organisations have their headquarters mainly in cities. And the city is also an organisation. In this context, a thesis was made: the city as a business centre is an organisation aspiring to be competitive on the global market; the city is a managed organisation to ensure the well-being of its inhabitants; the city is obliged to adopt a socially responsible attitude. Therefore, social responsibility of the city required a general definition. Such a definition was proposed in this paper. Individual sections provide the theoretical justification for specific practices and the understanding of the importance of key terms and concepts, as well as the need for further research on the model of cities social responsibility. The issues of ethics, creation and distribution of wealth, cooperation with stakeholders and sustainable development are the basis of cities social responsibility.
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