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The clinical course of urolithiasis in children under 3 years of age

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Aaslid A., Tkaczyk M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 1
68-74
XX
Purpose: Certain risk factors of urolithiasis may be diagnosed in 75% of children with stones. They include genetic, anatomic, metabolic and nutrition causes. The diagnostics' evaluation should determine and rule out anatomic factors and establish metabolic disorders. The treatment is based on an increased fluid intake, and alterations in the nutrition pattern. The aim was to analyze the clinical course of urolithiasis in children below 3, and detect the possible factors affecting the success of therapy. Materials and methods: Between 2009 and 2013, we retrospectively investigated the cases of 68 children (34 boys and 34 girls) under 3 years who were treated in the clinic. Urolithiasis was diagnosed at the mean age of 10 months; the average follow-up lasted 26 months until reaching 3 years. The retrospective analysis was based on medical documentation and direct contact with parents. Results: Among the risk factors, the most common was hyperciuria. The treatment of children was based on an increased daily fluid intake and dietary recommendations. Among the specific treatments, the most common were citrates (51%). In the majority of cases, the therapy lasted over a year after the clinical absence of stones. This therapy was successful in 62% of children. The factors contributing to the success of the treatment were: a negative family history of urolithiasis, unilateral stones, normal urinalysis, decrease of the Ca/Cr index, and compliance of dietary and medical recommendations. Conclusions: The treatment is based on the elimination of risk factors, and alterations in the dietary pattern. High percentage of parents did not respect the medical recommendations.
2
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Urolithiasis due to renal dystopia and vascular anomalies

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Anna Pliszka A., Michał Kłos M., Klaudia Możdżeń K., Krzysztof Balawender K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2021
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issue 1
89-92
EN
Introduction. Variations in the urogenital vascular anomalies in the abdomen are common. However, they warrant attention due to their importance in operative, diagnostic, and endovascular procedures. Aim. The aim of this article is to show an example of a patient with rare kidney and vessels anomalies. We want to prove that those anomalies contributed to development of urolithiasis in this case. Description of the case. During dissection of abdomen in a female cadaver, unique vascular anomalies and a position disorder of both kidneys were observed. Conclusion. Vessel abnormalities were congenital and appeared simultaneously with renal dystopia. Both anomalies could contribute to stone formation and nephritis. Understanding of the urogenital anatomical variations and their relations to adjacent structures is significant during surgical and radiological procedures.
3
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Parathyroid adenoma in a 15-year-old girl with recurrent urolithiasis

88%
Kucaba P., Dziadzio-Gąsior K., Podlasek R., Bar P., Korczowski B.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2023
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issue 2
424-428
EN
Introduction and aim. The incidence of urolithiasis in children has been growing steadily for several decades, and it accounts for an increasing percentage of hospitalizations. Kidney stones are deposits of various mineral salts. Most of them are composed of calcium, favored by hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Primary hyperparathyroidism is one of the reasons for increased calcium levels in the blood. Description of the case. A 15-year-old girl was hospitalized due to recurrent urolithiasis. Investigations revealed hypercalcemia with elevated parathyroid hormone. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland showed a local change near the lower pole of its right lobe, and Sestamibi nuclear scan confirmed the presence of the adenoma of the lower right parathyroid gland. Surgical removal of the parathyroid gland with the present adenoma was performed. Calcium and phosphate homeostasis parameters and the kidneys’ ultrasound image were without any significant deviations from the norm. Conclusion. After finding the cause of recurrent urolithiasis, the applied surgical treatment resolved all disease manifestations.
4
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The role of selected environmental factors and the type of work performed on the development of urolithiasis – a review paper

75%
Wróbel G., Kuder T.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2019
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vol. 32
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issue 6
761-775
EN
Urolithiasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, which is defined as the presence of urinary stones at any place in the urinary tract, resulting from the precipitation reaction of chemical compounds. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the important role of selected environmental factors (climate, ambient temperature) and the type of profession performed in the development of urolithiasis. In this field, the literature including original and review papers related to the epidemiology, pathogenesis and risk factors of urolithiasis was analyzed. The study used electronic databases such as Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The prevalence of urolithiasis has increased in recent decades in both developed and developing countries. It is believed that this growing trend is associated with lifestyle changes such as the lack of physical activity, poor eating habits and global warming. Many factors are responsible for the formation of urinary stones. In literature, there is a division into individual and environmental factors. Today, external factors in the form of climate changes (global warming), geographical conditions and seasonal fluctuations, and the type of profession performed are becoming more and more important in the context of the occurrence of urinary stones. Currently, the presence of urolithiasis is becoming a significant problem all over the world and searching for causes is not easy, but particular attention should be paid to certain predispositions resulting from environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and the type of work performed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(6):761–75
5
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Diagnostyka obrazowa kamicy nerkowej

75%
Śliwa M., Piątkowska N., Kajzar M., Saran A., Jarzumbek A., Bień K., Kluczewska E., Lewek P.
Gabinet Prywatny
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2022
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vol. 29 (281)
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issue 02
36-42
EN
Nephrolithiasis is common disease that affects 5-20% of the population in which insoluble deposits precipitate in the urinary tract. It usually affects young and professionally active people, which is why it is not only a medical problem, but also a social one. Among men, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 30–40 years, and among women at the age of 30–40 years and at the age of 50–65 years. The classic symptom of urolithiasis is a renal colic. However, the appearance of symptoms is often preceded by a long period of asymptomatic urolithiasis. You can diagnose urolithiasis on the basis of imaging tests. Performing ultrasound examinations allows you to detect deposits in the kidneys at the early stage of the disease development. The diagnostic imaging also includes an abdominal examination, computed tomography and urography. Treatment is based on removing existing stones as well as reducing risk factors. Conservative treatment involving the use of painkillers is applied. On the other hand, the urological procedures used include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, flexible ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The prognosis depends on etiological factors and is usually good. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment improve the prognosis.
PL
Kamica nerkowa jest częstym schorzeniem występującym u 5–20% populacji. W przebiegu tej choroby w drogach moczowych wytrącają się nierozpuszczalne złogi. Zwykle dotyczy to ludzi młodych i czynnych zawodowo, co stanowi problem nie tylko medyczny, ale także społeczny. U mężczyzn szczyt zachorowań przypada na 30.–40. r.ż., a u kobiet 30. –40. oraz 50.–65. r.ż. Typowym objawem kamicy jest kolka nerkowa. Pojawienie się objawów często poprzedza długi okres kamicy bezobjawowej. Kamicę można rozpoznać na podstawie badań obrazowych, takich jak: zdjęcie rentgenowskie przeglądowe, ultrasonografia, spiralna tomografia komputerowa, urografia. Wykonywanie badań ultrasonograficznych pozwala wykryć złogi w nerkach na wczesnym etapie rozwoju choroby. Leczenie polega na usuwaniu istniejących kamieni, jak i na ograniczaniu czynników ryzyka. Leczenie zachowawcze kamicy opiera się na stosowaniu leków przeciwbólowych oraz spazmolitycznych. Natomiast do stosowanych zabiegów urologicznych należą: pozaustrojowa litotrypsja falą uderzeniową, elastyczna ureteroskopia, przezskórna nefrolitotomia.
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