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Język Polski
|
2019
|
vol. 99
|
issue 1
13-25
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie najważniejszych elementów i założeń nowo zaprojektowanej teorii uzusu toponimicznego objaśniającej mechanizmy rozpowszechniania się określonych wariantów nazw geograficznych. Prezentowana teoria wprowadza pojęcia uzusu toponimicznego,uzusu indywidualnego i uzusu zbiorowego. Zawiera ponadto inwentarz indywidualnych i zbiorowych czynników kształtujących uzus toponimiczny. Oddziaływanie wybranych czynników zilustrowano przykładami kilku wybranych nazw geograficznych z obszaru Huculszczyzny obecnych w tekstach języka polskiego:Pop Iwan,Żabie/Werchowyna,Rafajłowa,Stoh/Stóg,Hnitessa.
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the most important elements and theses of the newly developed theory of toponymic usus which explains the mechanisms of dissemination of various variants of geographical names. The presented theory introduces the concepts of toponymic usus, individual usus and collective usus. The theory includes an inventory of individual and social factors forming the toponymic usus. The influence of the selected factors has been illustrated with examples of several geographical names form the Hutsul region which are present in texts in Polish: Pop Iwan, Żabie/Werchowyna, Rafajłowa, Stoh/Stóg, Hnitessa.
EN
The Austro-Hungarian and interwar-Polish military survey manuals issued by K. u. k. Militärgeographisches Institut and Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny definied the way a topographer had to conduct his toponymic work. The examined Austro-Hungarian manuals (dating 1875, 1887, 1894, and 1903) and Polish (1925, 1936, 1937) include numerous paragraphs concerning the way a topographer should collect and note toponyms on topographic survey sheets. The military purpose of the maps that were to be based on the survey had an impact on the formal properties of the toponyms collected by a topographer. The registered names had to be correct and to reflect the real toponymic usus of local people. The toponymic material collected by a topographer had an essential influence on the names placed on published maps. The main finding of the article is that the studied regulations do not impose a linguistic adaptation of local-language toponyms to the politically dominating official languages.
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