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Latinismy ve španělštině — nástin problematiky a stručná historie

100%
Krinková Z.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 2
203-209
EN
The paper provides basic information about the concept of Latinism (lexical elements derived from Latin) in Romance languages with the focus on Spanish. It deals especially with the history of penetration of Latinisms (and partly also Hellenisms) into Spanish between the 13th and 20th centuries. Each defined period of time is characterised by specific tendencies regarding the popularity of Latinisms, the way they were adopted into in Spanish and the semantic fields from which they come. The paper is based on secondary literature.
2
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Fonologická adaptace anglicismů v kvantitativním pohledu

100%
Duběda T.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 5
245-267
EN
The article aims at describing and quantifying the phonological processes involved in the adaptation of Anglicisms to Czech. The object of the analysis is a comprehensive database of phonological forms obtained from dictionaries. The prevailing principle is phonological approximation, i.e. the perceptually motivated, systemic substitution of English phonemes by Czech phonemes, which includes, apart from one-to-one phonemic projections, phonological mergers, context-sensitive substitutions, and variant substitutions. The adaptation is based on the British phonological system, the influence of American English being only marginal. The second fundamental principle in order of importance is spelling pronunciation. The distribution of these principles and their combinations is relatively stable in the centre and at the periphery of the lexical subsystem of Anglicisms. In approximately one-fifth of the sample, the two primary principles are complemented by one or more secondary principles (analogy with English, Czech or a third language, language universals, anomalies).
3
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Jak se vyslovují názvy cizích obchodních značek v televizních reklamách?

80%
Duběda T.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 6
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issue 2
76-91
EN
In this article we analyse phonetic aspects of foreign brand names appearing in Czech TV advertisements. We first define eight principles which underlie the phonological adaptation of loanwords, and describe their relevance for the TV advertisement genre. Next we proceed to an analysis of 200 brand names retrieved from TV broadcasting. The results confirm the dominance of the phonological approximation principle, which is often combined with the spelling pronunciation principle. Original pronunciation, respecting foreign phonology, is surprisingly rare, although TV advertising is a dynamic and highly globalised media genre.
4
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Zakončení přídavných jmen na -ózní v současné češtině

80%
Artemov A.
Bohemistyka
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2018
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issue 1
19-29
EN
The article deals with the emergence of new connotations in word formation using the suffix -ózní (-osní) for adjectival neologisms and occasionalisms. In contemporary spoken and written Czech language there are a number of such neologisms. The author bases his findings in examining the SYN2015 corpus of the Czech National Corpus and available Czech dictionaries. Besides neologisms and occasionalism, the attention is given to loans that are already used and terminological adjectives with the aforementioned suffix.
CS
Článek se věnuje problematice vzniku nových konotací při slovotvorbě s pomocí přípony -ózní (-osní) adjektivních neologismů a okazionalizmů. V současné mluvené a psané češtině lze zaznamenat mnoho takovýchto přídavných jmen. Autor zakládá své úvahy na zkoumání korpusu SYN2015 Českého národního korpusu a dostupných slovnících češtiny. Kromě neologismů a okazionalizmů se pozornost věnuje starším již vžitým výpůjčkám a terminologickým adjektivům s uvedenou příponou.
5
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Empirické mapování výslovnostního úzu u cizích slov

80%
Duběda T.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2016
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vol. 77
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issue 2
123-142
EN
In this article, I describe the principal features of the Database of Loanword Pronunciation Variants, realised with the aim of bridging a long gap in the empirical study of Czech loanword phonology. The database contains pronunciation forms obtained for 300 phonetically problematic loans and proper names from a balanced sample of 300 Czech speakers. After considering the principles that underlie the phonological adaptation of loanwords, I describe the design of the database and the methodology used. Although the validity of the data is undoubtedly high, I note some factors that might cause bias, such as the influence of spelling or the item selection procedure. The average number of different pronunciation variants per item is 8.02 (1.97 after variants with less than 5% frequency have been excluded). 34 different paradigms of phonological variability were identified in the database. A number of criteria can be used when analysing the data: the phonological phenomenon, word type (e.g. common vs. proper noun), source language, as well as informant features (region, sex, age, education). The database represents a large sociolinguistic survey which can be used both as an empirical platform for the study of Czech loanword phonology and as a source for lexicographic work.
FR
Nous décrivons ici les principales caractéristiques de la Base de données des emprunts dans leur prononciation usuelle (http://dvucs.ff.cuni.cz), mise au point afin de combler une longue absence d’études empiriques sur la phonologie des emprunts en tchèque. La base de données contient les formes phonétiques obtenues pour 300 emprunts et noms propres présentant des difficultés phonétiques, auprès d’un échantillon équilibré de 300 locuteurs tchèques. Après avoir exposé les principes généraux qui sous-tendent l’adaptation phonologique des emprunts, nous décrivons la structure de la base de données et la méthodologie utilisée. Bien que la validité de ces données pour l’analyse de la phonologie des emprunts soit incontestable, nous mentionnons plusieurs facteurs susceptibles de causer des interférences, comme l’influence de l’orthographe ou la démarche adoptée pour la sélection des entrées. Le nombre moyen de variantes phonétiques différentes par entrée est de 8,02 (1,97 après l’exclusion des variantes ayant un effectif inférieur à 5 %). 34 paradigmes différents de variabilité phonologique ont été identifiés dans la base de données, dont certains sont typiques de langues sources particulières. Plusieurs critères peuvent être utilisés lors de l’analyse des données : phénomène phonologique, type de mot (p. ex. nom commun vs. nom propre), langue source, ainsi que les caractéristiques du locuteur (région, sexe, âge, éducation). Des exemples d’analyses sont donnés pour chacun de ces critères. Cette base de données représente une vaste étude sociolinguistique utilisable non seulement comme une plateforme empirique pour l’étude de la phonologie des emprunts en tchèque, mais aussi comme une source valable d’informations pour la lexicographie.
6
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Taking stock and looking forward: documenting a diasporic variety of Czech in Texas

71%
Cope L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 5
284-310
EN
Texas Czech, a highly endangered diasporic variety of the Czech language, has roots in the dialects of Moravian and Bohemian immigrants from Austria and later Austria-Hungary who began arriving in Texas in the 1850s. “Taking stock”, the paper situates this variety’s development in the context of literature on language contact and borrowing, heritage languages, and community language endangerment and loss in order to examine its main contact features. “Looking forward”, the article (1) demonstrates the need for a corpus-based approach to this and other diasporic varieties of Czech to help us better understand the intersection of incomplete acquisition and attrition, typological characteristics of languages in contact, and internally vs. externally induced language change under different sociolinguistic constraints, and (2) references the Texas Czech Legacy Project, whose main objective is to build a searchable corpus of Texas Czech speech to serve the community and aid scholarly research on Czech varieties in the diaspora.
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