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Responsible Governance in Containing the Spread of COVID-19 in a Developing State

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Mukherjee D., Chakraborty S., Bhadra S., Hasan K. K., Jena L. K., Debnath R.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 2

119-136

EN

Aim. The study aims to evaluate the government policy implementation in tackling the global pandemic and framing universal policies for responsible governance. It also measures the impact of training interventions and non-training implications in containing the spread of COVID-19 at the grassroots level. Methods. The samples were drawn empirically from pathological tests conducted over 23 weeks to precisely examine the success of the State Government's approach in lowering COVID-19 mortality and spread. Through trend analysis, the outcome has been predicted. The study establishes a link between acknowledged ideas and government practices, providing insight into how relevant the implementation of planned state-craft programs is. Results. The findings indicated that government-imposed policies account for timely pandemic containment, and even a tiny developing state lacking advanced medical facilities and technology can set an example in combating the epidemic. Conclusions. The temporal analysis is based on the inputs acquired from government publications and other sources, allowing us to assess policy initiatives that encompass training interventions and non-training implications as prioritized by the State Government. The paper shows that a good emergency preparedness and response system is needed to prevent huge losses in any sector. This includes the already-struggling health sector, which India needs to put first to avoid more tragedies.

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Media Exposure to Conspiracy vs. Anti-conspiracy Information. Effects on the Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine

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Buturoiu R., Udrea G., Dumitrache A. C., Corbu N.

Central European Journal of Communication

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 2(29)

237-258

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic opened the doors for a corresponding “infodemic”, associated with various misleading narratives related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As the way to stop the pandemic was unveiled, misleading narratives switched from the disease itself to the vaccine. Nevertheless, a rather scarce corpus of literature has approached the effects of these narratives on the willingness to take a vaccine against COVID-19. This study investigates how exposure to conspiracy narratives versus information that counter these narratives influences people’s willingness to get vaccinated. Based on an experimental design, using a sample of Romanian students (N=301), this research shows that exposure to factual information related to COVID-19 vaccines meant to debunk conspiracy theories leads to higher willingness to vaccinate. Furthermore, this study shows that young, educated Romanians consider distant others to be more influenced by conspiracy theories on this topic, and, therefore, more prone to exhibit hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination.

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“Surm on ainus, mis hirmutab”: viirusnakkushaiguste ja nendega seotud vaktsineerimise tähenduse loomine gripi ja koroonaviiruse näitel

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Lubi K., Metsoja E., Eha K., Mets-Oja S., Ruuben L.

Mäetagused

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2021

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vol. 79

113-136

EN

Although relatively easy to overcome for young and healthy individuals, seasonal influenza is a disease with considerable health, social, and economic consequences for society, especially for higher-risk groups. Even though vaccination against influenza is the most effective tool to prevent it, vaccination rates remain rather low. Together with the promotion of neoliberal individual responsibility over one’s health, vaccine hesitancy – a complex phenomenon indicating the lower uptake of vaccines compared to the accessibility of information and services – has risen among societies. In previous research, several barriers – for example, psychological, physical, contextual, and sociodemographic – have been identified as preventing influenza vaccine uptake among risk groups. We approach the topic by using the social constructionist theory regarding the meaning construction of illnesses on cultural, individual, and third-party level. The findings outline the importance of meaning construction on all these levels. It appears that culturally influenza has been seen as an inevitable infectious disease related to the northern climate. Due to that, influenza is not considered as a life-threatening disease that would need preventive actions, except some basic hygiene or usage of folk medicine tools (e.g., ginger and garlic). On an individual level, the meaning construction is based on individual experiences, both with the illness and the vaccine – in the case of negative experiences with vaccine, the perception of something useless or even harmful develops. In addition, it appears that people create their own strategies to rationalize rejection of vaccination for themselves. These involve considerations about belonging to the risk group or the possibility to manage daily activities in non-risky manner even when belonging to the risk group. On the third-party level, participants saw the potential of pharmacies to alleviate practical constraints (e.g., tight schedule, daily occupation, etc.). Different media channels are also important in mediating vaccination-related information, but the rationalization and selection of the channels vary widely. The context of the coronavirus changed the vaccination-related perception temporarily for a short term, indicating that fear-based special occasions do not entail a long-term shift in health behaviour as the development of health-related decisions and behaviour is also long-term.

4

Safety and efficacy of vaccinations in patients from high-risk groups: new challenges in the era of vaccine hesitancy

86%

Hanna Czajka H.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

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2019

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issue 1

83-88

EN

Introduction. Vaccinations are one of the most effective medical interventions that protect people against infectious diseases. It should be noted that a new vaccine licensing is always preceded by clinical trials assessing its safety and efficacy. Anti-vaccine propaganda carried out by vaccination opponents has become an international problem with a global reach. Aim. To review the literature on vaccinations of patients from high-risk groups. Material and methods. A literature review of the following databases has been conducted: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Results. High-risk groups in the paediatric population include pre-term born infants, patients after stem cell transplantations, children with allergies and other chronic diseases. Vaccinations in the examined groups are generally safe and are an effective method of preventing infections. Conclusion. At a time when the level of vaccine skepticism is high and the epidemiological situation of many diseases is unstable, patients who are more susceptible to infection are particularly endangered. High level of knowledge of health care professionals and their personal positive attitude towards vaccinations are important for improving the vaccination coverage rates. In the light of measles epidemic outbreaks and an almost geometric increase in the number of pertussis cases noted recently, actions are needed to achieve herd immunity.

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The multidimensional nature of attitudes towards preventive vaccinations – a cross-sectional survey among Poles aged 15–39 years

86%

Raciborski F., Tomaszewska A., Rakocy K., Samel-Kowalik P., Samoliński B., Gujski M., Pinkas J., Jankowski M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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vol. 36

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issue 2

214-228

EN

Objectives Vaccination skepticism and vaccination refusal both constitute global public health concerns. Systematic monitoring of public attitudes towards vaccination is crucial for maintaining a high vaccination coverage rate. The study aimed to identify and characterize homogenous social groups distinguished by attitudes toward preventive vaccinations. Material and Methods Between October and November of 2021, a nationwide representative cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1560 inhabitants of Poland aged 15–39 years. The study questionnaire included 60 questions on public attitudes towards vaccines, vaccination, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Factor analysis was applied to identify the main dimensions of vaccination attitudes. Results Factor analysis included 22 variables and yielded 3 factors or dimensions that accounted for 48.5% of the model’s variability. Young adults were assigned into 6 homogeneous groups based on these factors: 1) general trust in vaccination, 2) vaccine safety concerns, 3) trust in fake medical news regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and denying the COVID-19 pandemic. Groups I–IV differed by sociodemographic factors and vaccination coverage rates. Nearly 60% of the respondents expressed concern regarding various aspects of vaccination. Conclusions Most of Poland’s young adults lack clearly defined attitudes towards vaccination. Attitudes towards vaccination can be divided into 6 heterogeneous groups.

6

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of occupational physicians towards vaccinations of health care workers: A cross sectional pilot study in North-Eastern Italy

86%

Riccò M., Cattani S., Casagranda F., Gualerzi G., Signorelli C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 5

775-790

EN

Objectives This study aims to characterize personal attitudes and knowledge of a sample of Italian occupational physicians (OPhs) towards immunization practice in the case of healthcare workers (HCWs). Material and Methods A total of 90 OPhs (42.2% of males, 57.8% of females, mean age of 50.1±8.3 years old) compiled a structured questionnaire through a telephonic interview. They were asked about the official Italian recommendations for HCWs, their general knowledge of vaccine practice, their propensity towards vaccines (both in general and about specific immunizations), their risk perception about the vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Eventually, a regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors predictive for vaccine propensity. Results Only 12 out of 90 subjects correctly identified all the 7 recommended immunizations. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was correctly identified by 95.6% of the sample, and was also associated with the more positive attitude and the more accurate risk perception. Influenza vaccine had the lowest acceptance (75.9%). Eventually, pertussis, measles, parotitis and varicella vaccines were insufficiently recognized as recommended ones (all cases < 50% of the sample). General knowledge of vaccine and knowledge of official recommendations were significantly correlated with the attitude towards immunization practice (r = 0.259, p = 0.014 and r = 0.438, p < 0.0001). In the regression analysis general knowledge (unstandardized coefficient (B) = 0.300, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.090–0.510, p = 0.006) and risk perception (B = 0.579, 95% CI: 0.155–1.003, p = 0.008) were significant predictors of the propensity to vaccinate. Conclusions Vaccinations gaps in HCWs may found their roots in OPhs incomplete knowledge of evidence-based recommendations. Specific training programs and formations courses should then be planned. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):775–790

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Dobrzy rodzice, źli obywatele? Uchylanie się od szczepień ochronnych w badaniach Jennifer A. Reich

72%

Krywult Albańska M.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2020

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issue 1(236)

257-272

PL

Zjawisko uchylania się od szczepień ochronnych staje się obecnie coraz większym wyzwaniem dla zdrowia publicznego zarówno w Polsce, jak i w wielu innych krajach Europy i Ameryki Północnej. Celem eseju jest streszczenie głównych wniosków dotyczących uwarunkowań tego zjawiska, do jakich doszła na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w USA Jennifer A. Reich i które zostały opublikowane w jej wydanej w 2016 roku książce Calling the Shots. Why Parents Reject Vaccines. Autorka pokazuje, jak zjawisko uchylania się od szczepień, które ma najczęściej miejsce wśród osób mających największy dostęp do zasobów i edukacji, dotyka fundamentalnych kwestii związanych z wyborem osobistym, integralnością cielesną, odpowiedzialnością względem zbiorowości oraz relacjami jednostki z państwem.

EN

Vaccine hesitancy has recently become a growing challenge for public health in Poland as well as in many other countries in Europe and North America. The paper provides a summary of the main findings concerning the factors behind the phenomenon, as presented in Jennifer A. Reich’s book ‘Calling the Shots. Why Parents Reject Vaccines’, based on her research carried out in the United States. The author demonstrates the multiple ways, in which vaccine hesitancy, particularly prevalent among those with privileged access to education and resources, is linked to broader issues concerning personal choice, bodily integrity, individual responsibility towards community and individual’s relations with the state.

Refine search results

Responsible Governance in Containing the Spread of COVID-19 in a Developing State

Media Exposure to Conspiracy vs. Anti-conspiracy Information. Effects on the Willingness to Accept a COVID-19 Vaccine

“Surm on ainus, mis hirmutab”: viirusnakkushaiguste ja nendega seotud vaktsineerimise tähenduse loomine gripi ja koroonaviiruse näitel

Safety and efficacy of vaccinations in patients from high-risk groups: new challenges in the era of vaccine hesitancy

The multidimensional nature of attitudes towards preventive vaccinations – a cross-sectional survey among Poles aged 15–39 years

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of occupational physicians towards vaccinations of health care workers: A cross sectional pilot study in North-Eastern Italy

Dobrzy rodzice, źli obywatele? Uchylanie się od szczepień ochronnych w badaniach Jennifer A. Reich