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Lexikalizované alternace v češtině

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Kettnerová V., Lopatková M.

Linguistica Copernicana

2013

issue 1(9)

31-64

In this paper, we study specific relations between uses of the same verb lexeme that stem from changes in the linking of situational participants, valency complementations and surface syntactic positions - we refer to them as alternations. The focus is on the types that are expressed by lexical-semantic means and result in changes in valency frames of verbs. Lexicalized alternations can be exemplified by the well-known pair naložit seno na vůz - naložit vůz senem 'to load hay on the truck - to load the truck with hay'. We present and analyze three basic types of lexicalized alternations in Czech. They may be characterized as either conversive, or non-conversive. The conversive lexicalized alternations represents central ones in the language system and are here reffered to as (i) the lexical-semantic conversions (e.g., the locative alternation, the Bearer-Location alternation, Material-Product alternation, spread alternation etc.). On the other hand, the non-conversive alternations are rather peripheral; we can introduce/mention? esp. (ii) different structural expressions of a single situational participant (e.g. vyjít na kopec - vyjít kopec 'climb up the hill - climb the hill') and (iii) the structural splitting of a situational participant (e.g., theme-dictum splitting for Czech verbs of communication and mental action). Furthermore, we propose a formal framework that allows us to represent different types of lexicalized alternations in the valency lexicon of Czech verbs, VALLEX. For this purpose, the lexicon is divided into the data component and the rule component. In the data part, each lexical unit of a given lexeme is characterized (primarily) by its valency frame; moreover, a list of applicable lexical alternations is atached to it. Presented in the rule part are general lexical rules specifying changes in the linking of situational participants and valency complmentations typical of indyvidual lexicalized alternations.

Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky

67%

Panevová J., Hajičová E., Kettnerová V., Kolářová V., Lopatková M., Mikulová M., Ševčíková M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2020

vol. 103

issue 1-2

55-78

In the present contribution, the main constitutive features of the Functional Generative Description as proposed by Petr Sgall and his collaborators are introduced together with a brief characterization of selected Czech grammatical phenomena within this framework. These phenomena include above all verbal and nominal valency and related issues and topic-focus articulation, esp. in relation to negation and presupposition. Criteria for the determination of valency members are proposed together with the changes in the valency structure connected with the application of different diatheses and alternations. The role of valency requirements in complex predicates is described and exemplified by means of derived structures. The other phenomenon investigated is connected with reflexive and reciprocal constructions. Furthermore, attention is devoted to the categorization of deletions and the related phenomenon of the general participant, and also to various comparative constructions that are described as constructions with surface deletions. The constructions introduced by the Czech preposition kromě ‘besides/instead of’ are used as an illustration of how their deep representation looks. The main tenets of FGD have been applied, verified and further refined in the Prague Dependency Treebank family and valency lexicons, which are briefly characterized here as well.

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1 Linguistica Copernicana

1 Naše řeč (Our Speech)

1 2020

1 2013

2 Kettnerová V.

2 Lopatková M.

1 Hajičová E.

1 Kolářová V.

1 Mikulová M.

1 Panevová J.

1 Ševčíková M.

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Lexikalizované alternace v češtině

Funkční generativní popis - rámec pro konzistentní popis gramatiky