On the centenary of the Professor Maximilian Pohorille birth, the author reminds the achievements of Professor in this topic research. Shows new trends and related economic and social problems, that have emerged in the area of changes in the actual value of consumption, by changing the same consumption content and functions
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Z okazji stulecia urodzin Profesora Maksymiliana Pohorillego, autor wspomina dorobek Profesora w tym temacie badawczym. Pokazuje nowe trendy i związane z nimi problemy ekonomiczne i społeczne w rzeczywistej wartości konsumpcji, zmieniające treść i funkcje samej konsumpcji.
This essay is about Wolfgang Köhler’s philosophical ideas expressed in his The Place of Value in a World of Facts of 1938. Köhler, who strongly supports a scientific worldview, considers the question if science is able to cope with human values, besides natural facts. Relying upon phenomenological analyses, and on his previous researches in the field of natural philosophy, Köhler introduces his doctrine of epistemological dualism. From a historical point of view, this theory shows some similarities with the philosophical ideas expressed by Köhler’s Berlin mentor, Carl Stumpf. It is argued that Köhler’s epistemological dualism actually supports ontological monism and aims at offering a unified view of natural facts and human values.
Security can be defined as the process of support of a satisfactory control by the sub-ject over harmful effects of the environment. In this aspect it is a political and social value of the same type as justice, democracy and freedom. Following the analysis of the existing conflicts in the world today, we conclude that the notion of security in its ne-oliberal interpretation has collapsed and it could be rejected and defended successfully only as a communitarian value.
The painter is trying to realize a certain value in the canvas, the value which he feels, he is looking for and he can see in his imagination. Nevertheless, that value is not given to him, it is undefined and unclear. For this reason, painting a picture is both creating and looking for a fully perceptible value. The emerging image shows the painter the form of that value, it is controlled by the artist, but the artist is also controlled by the image which, in a way, leads him. The demanded and achieved value is not a label which appraises the image, stuck on it by the painter, but it is like a light that per- meates and illuminates the painting.
In the article native appelative form surnames of the inhabitants of Śląsk Cieszyński taken from 19th century archives were described. Those surnames without derivative indicators were the basis for the search for semantic connotations (cultural and regional) present in appelative roots. While analysing the collected data the author referred to axiological semantics and considered the sociolinguistic aspects of name-giving. Moreover, references to statistical research were made.
The concept of the quality of life: The medical and the bioethical aspect The concept of the quality of life initially contained mainly objective indicators. It was only later that it was extended so as to include the subjective ones as well. Upon its transfer from its original medical context into the social sciences, the concept of the quality of life has inspired a new approach to sick persons. It is now acknowledged that it is not enough to merely prolong a life. It also has to meet the standards generally recognized by active, healthy people. In the assessment of the quality of life both objective (state of human health and socio-economic status) and subjective (satisfaction with life and perception of each other) indicators are used. It is used, among other things, to evaluate the effects of medical and non-medical health care and medical intervention. In bioethics, it is noted that the term diminishes the value of human life. The methods used to assess the value of human life based on economic analysis and the measuring of the quality of life can lead to undesirable consequences. Conclusion: on the one hand, the estimation of the quality of life is imminent for various reasons; on the other hand, however, it raises ethical objections.
The following article analyses the position work holds on the hierarchy of values of contemporary man on the example of a chosen social group – students. The survey was carried out in the summer 2015 on a group of over 500 students of The State School of Higher Professional Education in Płock. The resultsindicated that although work does not rank highest in their hierarchy of values it still occupies a high, 4thposition. The factors determining the answers were: sex; place of living and the field of study.
The aim of this paper is to search for an answer to the question whether an ethical person should aid others or whether it is a moral duty. The postulate of assistance follows from concern for the good of another person, which is a characteristic of morality. However, not all contemporary ethical conceptions postulate the moral value of assistance. In particular, the ethics of Nietzsche and libertarians question its moral importance. The question of whether assistance has moral value depends on how we understand morality and the compulsoriness of its principles. Providing material assistance is a human act and the value of that act is influenced by its circumstances. Depending on the circumstances, the moral obligation of aid varies from permission to requirement. There are also praxeological conditions of the value of material assistance, connected with a negative evaluation of wastefulness and inefficiency. If people should help, how strong is the obligation to do so? The answer depends on the source of duty; unfortunately, deontological ethics cannot clearly differentiate situations in which material assistance is a duty from situations in which it as supererogatory act. We are therefore left to our own moral sensitivity.
Characteristic of morphology and the identification of process category structure of are a crucial stage of its implementation within enterprises as well as it determines the final effects of processes realization, which is producing and realization of added value for market participants. In this paper author describe the essence of added value, its functions and factors that form this category in the understanding of the constant-flow organization that is set on realized processes. Performing analysis related to creation and realization of the added value, in the context of the basic aims of functioning organization of processes and establishing perception means and interpreting the creation of added value within the processes of customer and enterprise environment.
This study is, in its great part, a report on the search of arguments, ideas, reflections, andopinions which can be helpful in specifying the author’s statements. Especially, writingsfrom the last several years have been taken into account: papers, collective works, articles,reviews related to the problem of interactions between music and ethics. The selectedpublications have been reviewed in the broad context of the so-called “ethical criticism”,i.e. a new paradigm in the English and American literary and cultural studies.Among the mentioned texts there are various works by Polish, French, English, German,and other authors. A lot of space has been devoted to studies by Romanian scholars,especially to the book by Romanian author Prof. Carmen Cozma Ethos of Music Art. Essaysin Moral Philosophy (2000). The most widely discussed work is the book Music andEthics by Nanette Nielsen and Marcel Cobussen (2012).From this merely fragmentary and cursorily sketched review of the selected studiesand the points of view presented by their authors that concern the complicated and multidimentionalrelations between music and ethics, one can come to a conclusion that it ishardly possible to claim a significant primodal “ethical turn” in musicology. There is nonew “ethical” paradigm in musicology; only some inspirations are evidently present.In the last place, the author mentioned her own research on the connections betweenmusic and ethics, based on the anthropological thought of Karol Wojtyła and independentof the “ethical criticism”. A musical comment and at the same time a final conclusion of thetext is given in the last bars of the third movement of Luciano Berio’s Sinfonia.
Niniejszy szkic jest w głównej mierze sprawozdaniem z poszukiwania lektur, argumentów,refleksji, przekonań, które pozwoliły rozwinąć i doprecyzować własne idee autorki.Uwzględnione zostały zwłaszcza publikacje i zawarte w nich stanowiska współczesnychautorów na temat związków muzyki i etyki, powstałe w ostatnich kilku-, kilkunastu latach.Wybrane prace zostały ukazane w szerokim kontekście tzw. „etycznego krytycyzmu”, nowegoparadygmatu w angloamerykańskich badaniach nad literaturą i kulturą.Wśród wymienionych tekstów znalazły się bardzo zróżnicowane w swym rodzajuprace autorów m.in. polskich, francuskich, angielskich, rumuńskich, niemieckich. Wśródnich wiele miejsca zajmują studia rumuńskich badaczy, a zwłaszcza książka rumuńskiejautorki, prof. Carmen Cozmy, pt. Ethos of Music Art. Essays in Moral Philosophy (2000).Najbardziej obszernie dyskutowanym dziełem jest książka Nanette Nielsen i Marcela CobussenaMusic and Ethics (2012).Z fragmentarycznego, pobieżnie naszkicowanego przeglądu wybranych jedynie publikacjii prezentowanych stanowisk na temat skomplikowanych i wielowymiarowychwzajemnych relacji muzyki i etyki można wnioskować, że trudno byłoby stwierdzić zaistnienieradykalnego „zwrotu etycznego” w muzykologii, który miałby nastąpić w sposóbanalogiczny do nagłego przypływu zainteresowania kwestiami etycznymi w badaniachliterackich tradycji angloamerykańskiej końca lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku.Można mówić jedynie o pewnych impulsach, inspiracjach badawczych, nie zaś o nowym paradygmacie.Na zakończenie autorka wspomina o własnych badaniach skoncentrowanych wokół tajemniczych powiązań muzyki i etyki, których fundament został zbudowany na twierdzeniachzaczerpniętych z myśli antropologicznej Karola Wojtyły, z zachowaniem niezależności względem nurtu „etycznego krytycyzmu”. Muzyczny komentarz i zarazem końcowąkonkluzję tekstu tworzą zacytowane końcowe takty III Części Sinfonii Luciana Berio.
Starszy człowiek niejako na naszych oczach stał się przedstawicielem jednej z najliczniejszych grup ludności współczesnego świata. Rozpatrując w związku ztym zjawiskiem zagadnienie starości, oscyluje się przeważnie pomiędzy dwoma poglądami. Jeden z nich głosi, że starość jest cechą typowo ludzką, która pojawia się w niezbyt odległym od nas okresie dzięki poprawie warunków życia oraz postępowi wiedzy. Drugi zakłada, że żyjący wcześniej starsi ludzie nie pojawiali się jako odrębna kategoria społeczna, ponieważ utożsamiało się ich z ogółem dorosłych. Niezależnie od tego, jaką wersję przyjmiemy, okres, który nazywamy starością, jest obecnie powszechnie dostępną dla większości osób częścią życia człowieka. Okresem, który zwykle nas nie zadowala, choć jest równie istotny i cenny jak dzieciństwo, okres dojrzewania lub młodości. Celem niniejszego artykułu przeglądowego jest próba zachęcenia czytelnika do zainteresowania się zagadnieniem wieku sędziwego poprzez przedstawienie zarysu losów oraz obrazów starości w kontekście wybranych społeczeństw.
It is noted that in the context of globalization of the modern world the dialogue between different cultures is an essential requirement of the XXI century. Social barriers that impede the development of intercultural dialogue, which can not be carried out subject to the socio-cultural identity of various ethnic groups, nations and countries, are characterized. The modern paradigm of intercultural dialogue is based on the recognition of the increasing role of national culture and open, trusting, friendly interchange of cultural values in a multicultural society.
Examining and explaining the value orientations of interest of various disciplines, which confirm that the interdisciplinary category. In terms of philosophy are, therefore, approach from a position of axiology (teaching about values), from a sociological position is at the forefront of social, ethical and normative psychology content is understood as a socio-psychological.
It is noted that in the context of globalization of the modern world the dialogue between different cultures is an essential requirement of the XXI century. Social barriers that impede the development of intercultural dialogue, which can not be carried out subject to the socio-cultural identity of various ethnic groups, nations and countries, are characterized. The modern paradigm of intercultural dialogue is based on the recognition of the increasing role of national culture and open, trusting, friendly interchange of cultural values in a multicultural society.
The concept of creativity is present in all areas of human activity, including modern foreign languages teaching and learning (the field of pedagogy, didactics and methodology). According to Encyclopedia of Giftedness, Creativity and Talent (2009: 200) "[c]reativity can be understood only if it is clearly defined”. It is vital to note that members of the National Advisory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education (NACCCE), established in 1998 by the Secretary of State for Education and Employment and the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport in England distinguish between the idea of teaching creatively (in an interesting and effective manner), and teaching for creativity (developing students' individual abilities to think and act creatively which, as a matter of fact, is carried out in three steps: encouraging, identifying and fostering).
Any person may participate in meetings, classes, academic, society, Church, family or Fatherland’s life. In herein article we will hold on reflection about participation as relevant feature of human being in the spirit of Karol Wojtyła. The present article concentrates on the aspect of correlation between act and person consequent to the fact that deeds are fulfilled by people and “mutually with other” people. That is a consequence of the fact that the person exists “mutually with other” people. The characteristic of community, co-participation is stamped on human’s existence. Fulfilling deeds by the person himself forms a fundamental value. Cardinal K. Wojtyła terms it as “Personalistic value labor”. That value is different than every kind of moral values which are fulfilled labor values and they eventuate from reference to norm. Participation doesn’t mean only varied forms of reference of a person to other people or unit to society but it also means essentials of these forms which are deeply embedded in person. Acting “mutually with others” is convenient for transcendence and integration of person in labor, when the person chooses the same as others and chooses because others choose. Participation in case of acting with others comprises and expresses self – determination of the person, hence it is in a way a more complete image. However there are possible certain forms of constriction or even crossing out of participation. Such situation is possible mostly by lack of participation descended from entity and principal of action or throughout making participation impossible derived from extraneous of person and consequent to the wrong structure of acting community. First obstacle in a way to participation is called individualism and the second is called totalism. Despite efflux of time individualism and totalism are one of the utmost threats to our society and it begins from improper understanding of participation.
The issue of values in the education of young people is always relevant in the pedagogical literature. The main purpose of this article is to show the hierarchy of values of young people aged 12-15. The problem of the meaning of values in the lives of young people will be presented on the basis of our own research conducted among students from the Myślenice district (Poland) and Nadvirna district of the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine).
The aim of this text is to depict the evolution of change in representations of labor and value in a neoliberal society. This evolution is shown through ethnographical studies of small companies in the Upper Silesia as well as the work performed in such companies. The study argues that due to the influence of neoliberał ideology, the social functioning of labor and value has evolved from the class paradigm in the industrial society to a discontinuous structure of the set in the contemporary society. Labor has also changed its measurable representative features. For example, labor is no longer perceived through the lens of worktime or effort, but rather through the lens of value. The text constitutes an analysis of the changes in the labor and value structure and how this structure is perceived in a neoliberal society.
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