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Costing application within a company’s internal management

100%
Hojná R.
Nauki o Finansach
|
2013
|
issue 2 (15)
64-82
EN
Historically, the oldest purpose of costing is to provide information on the costs of individual products, works and services realized by a company aiming to establish itself in the market. This task is well fulfilled by full costing as an important tool for the solution of longterm decision-making tasks in a modern enterprise. Under the constantly changing conditions of a market environment characterized by the permanently increasing share of indirect (overhead) costs in the total costs of a company, the importance of new requirements by managers for the different classification of costs in the costing structure is growing. Besides the division of costs into direct and indirect, an emphasis is placed on the variable and fixed costs classification. The costing then provides a different view on the calculated items, unlike a simple allocation to a certain output. The application of variable costing considerably contributes to the improvement of the cost management process in enterprises.
2
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The implementation of variable costing in the management of profitability of sales in trade companies

88%
Dyhdalewicz A.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
|
2015
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vol. 11
|
issue 3
116-127
EN
The aims of the paper are twofold: first, to present selected approaches to the construction of an income statement based on variable costing, which evolved towards the preparation of a tool for multidimensional measurement and an analysis of profitability of sales; second, to discuss the possibility of using it in trade companies. The paper is composed of the following parts: 1) The first part contains a presentation of the general rules of construction of financial result accounts on the basis of variable costing, providing the basis of preparing multi task contribution income statements in various entities; 2) The second part is devoted to the general assumptions concerning the activity in trade companies, which should be observed in the creation of the information needed for the segment profitability reporting according to the rules of variable costing; 3) In the third part, one proposes a report on customer profitability and basic financial ratios, which are related to it, are defined. The financial ratios can be used to conduct an analysis of profitability of sales in a trade company. This approach uses the evaluation of profitability made by taking into account the size and structure of sales and it includes the costs related to customer service. 4) In the last parts, the conclusions are made on the basis of the discussion presented in the paper. The methodology of the contribution income statement on the basis of variable costing enables its implementation in various branches of business, including trading activity, due to universal rules used for its creation. However, constructing a profitability report requires individual assumptions, which take into consideration the specific character of a given trade company and its information needs.
3
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Zarządczy rachunek wyników jako niewykorzystana szansa sprawozdawczości w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach

63%
Chalastra M., Kotapski R.
Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości
|
2024
|
issue 48(1)
11-28
PL
Cel artykułu: Celem głównym artykułu jest przedstawienie praktycznych wdrożeń koncepcji zarządczego rachunku wyników w przedsiębiorstwach z sektora małych i średnich przed-siębiorstw (MŚP). Celami pomocniczymi są: przedstawienie i analiza praktycznych układów zarządczych rachunków wyników wdrożonych w polskich przedsiębiorstwach na podstawie wybranych przykładów z literatury i autorskich wdrożeń oraz identyfikacja przyczyn braku stosowania w praktyce zarządczych rachunków wyników w przedsiębiorstwach. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Badanie przeprowadzono w różnych branżowo przedsiębiorstwach. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano studium przypadku. Wyniki: W artykule zostały przedstawione studia przypadków opisujące zarządcze rachunki wyników w przedsiębiorstwach z różnych branż oraz przyczyny braku stosowania tego typu rozwiązań w przedsiębiorstwach polskich z sektora MSP. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: Konsekwencją typowego ,,księgowego” podejścia w sprawozdawczości finansowej w MŚP jest brak lub mała użyteczność rachunkowości jako takiej w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem. Praktyczne implikacje: Odpowiednia konstrukcja zakładowego planu kont pozwala na sporządzenie zarządczego rachunku wyników na potrzeby decyzyjne. Oryginalność/wartość: Niniejszy artykuł stanowi podsumowanie i równocześnie refleksję nad konstrukcją i wykorzystaniem narzędzi rachunkowości zarządczej w zarządzaniu przedsiębiorstwem oraz sprawozdawczości w MŚP. Podstawą tego podsumowania i reflek-sji jest długoletnia praktyka wdrożeniowa, naukowa, szkoleniowa i dydaktyczna autorów.
EN
Purpose: The main aim of the article is to present the concept of managerial account reporting for a production company from the SME sector, using case studies. The auxiliary aims were to present the systems of managerial account reporting for different sectors in the literature and to explain its absence in Polish companies. Methodology/approach: The article is based on the implementations of cost accounting in companies in different sectors. The case study method is applied in the study. Findings: The article presents case studies that describe in-house managerial account reports in companies from different sectors and the reasons for not using such solutions in Polish companies. Research limitations/implications: The consequences of the typical ʽaccountancyʼ approach in financial reporting in SMEs is the lack of and the limited usefulness of accounting as such in managing a company. Practical implications: A properly constructed in-house plan of accounts makes it possible to prepare a managerial account report for decision-making. Originality/value: The article constitutes a summary and a reflection on the construction and use of managerial accounting tools in company management and SME accounting.
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