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PL
The subject of this research is an unknown Slavic translation of Sermon 5 John of Sinaya’s Scala Paradisi (Lestvica) in a Serbian Menaion and Triodion Panagyric, rewritten from an old Bulgarian antigraph which has preserved the archaic grammatical traits of the prototranslation. In the sermon’s text, forms of asigmatic aorist and first sigmatic aorist with a preserved “s” are being registered, as well as non-contrahered forms for imperfect, forms of past active I participle formed with suffix -ьш- from verbs with a base ending on -и-, possessive adjectives as a translation of the Greek genitive case for possession, usage of a local prepositionless, excessive prepositionless usage of ablative case, descriptive future with a preponderance of forms of хотѣти + infinitive, dual number forms, non-contrahered forms of complex (determinative) adjectives, etc. The translation of the sermon of the transcript in NHM24 includes rare lexemes that attribute it to the early translations of Cyril and Methodius. It demonstrates similarities to the Glagolitic translations of the hand-written cannon of 10th–11th century.
PL
W artykule skupiono się na analizie gramatyki Bronisława Taraszkiewicza, jej cech oraz roli jako bodźca do nauki języka białoruskiego dla nowych użytkowników. W tekście rozpatruje się gramatyczne rozbieżności między dwoma wariantami białoruskiego języka literackiego, które mają nieformalne nazwy taraszkiewica i narkamaǔka. Określone i usystematyzowane przez I. Klimowa opozycje gramatyczne są analizowane na tle gramatyk języka białoruskiego publikowanych, poczynając od połowy lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Z jednej strony pozwoliło to zwrócić uwagę na pewną bezpodstawność zaproponowanych opozycji gramatycznych, z drugiej zaś ukazać obecność deskrypcyjnego ujęcia B. Taraszkiewicza w opisie dubletów gramatycznych przez autorów późniejszych gramatyk akademickich.
EN
The article is devoted to B. Tarashkevich’s grammar, its hallmarks and role-stimulus in studying the Belarusian language by “new” speakers of Belarusian. The grammatical norms are considered, under which two versions of Belarusian literary language, that have unofficial names taraškevica and narkamaǔka, are opposed. Grammatical oppositions defined and systematized by I. Klimov are analyzed in the context of the academic grammars of the Belarusian language which have been published since the mid 1950s. This approach has allowed, on the one hand, to indicate a certain inaccuracy in unilaterally opposed grammatical rules; on the other hand, to reveal the succession of B. Tarashkevich’s descriptive approach by the authors of grammars when delivering grammatical variants.
PL
The Pauline father Amandus Ivanschiz (1727-1758) was a composer whose music heralded the style of the early Classical period. He worked mainly in Austria (Wiener Neustadt and Mariatrost), as well as in Rome (it has recently been established that he spent three years there). His sacred music, especially masses, litanies and cantata-style pieces to non-liturgical texts, has been preserved in numerous manuscripts (over 260 items) held in eight countries of Central Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland and Hungary). Comparative analysis of all the manuscripts allows one to distinguish several problems commonly encountered in research into eighteenth-century musical sources, such as variants, multiple versions of works and contradictory attributions of authorship, further exacerbated by the lack of originals. This article focusses on the most recent findings relating to Ivanschiz’s life and religious music, as well as discussing and illustrating discrepancies between various copies of the same compositions by reference to selected works. We will also consider the differentiation of authorial variants from variant versions arising from custom.
XX
The article is an introduction to the issues of Adam Naruszewicz’s editorial techniques, revealed in the preserved autographs of his literary prose and scientific works. These manuscripts are divided into texts written by Naruszewicz and those dictated and edited by him. Initial research shows that the bishop’s editorial work was done in line with the following criteria: clarity and credibility of the argument, substantive correctness, and shaping the content, the aim of which was to create a positive image of the king, Stanisław August. This often determined intervening in areas, which are difficult to be accused of being incorrect today. This is why the article attempts to indicate those editorial activities of the bishop, which could now be perceived as variants of the text, while, according to the author, they required amending. As an editor, Naruszewicz interfered with various aspects: factual errors, style, structure, punctuation, making clarifying additions, as well as self-censoring. All these editorial efforts show the literary skills of one of the most outstanding minds of Polish Enlightenment.
5
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Mongol, nebo Mongolec?

83%
Bohemistyka
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2020
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issue 3
436-438
EN
The article describes how to form – with which sufix – inhabitants names (of states, of regions, of cities, etc.) correctly in contemporary Czech, for example how to use the name of inhabitant of Mongolia (Mongolian) correctly: Mongol, or Mongolec?
6
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Wariant

82%
EN
The paper focuses on the concept of a “variant”, which is deeply rooted in the fields of editing practices and literary criticism. The main goal is to show the concept the way it is understood by the classical textology and French Genetic Criticism, as well as to confront different ways of using it.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy głęboko zakorzenionego w pracach edytorskich i literaturoznawczych terminu „wariant”. Głównym celem jest przedstawienie pojęcia w rozumieniu klasycznej tekstologii oraz francuskiej krytyki genetycznej i skonfrontowanie ze sobą tych różnych sposobów jego wykorzystania.
EN
Adjectives ending with -oucí/-ící are regularly derived from verbs and hence are not usually listed in any of the Czech monolingual dictionaries. On the level of automatic morphological analysis (the dictionary) of Czech they should be generated from verbal roots and tagged as verbal adjectives (pos tag: AG.*). The data from Czech corpora prove a) inconsistencies in tagging and b) gaps in the dictionary. The main cause of both kinds of insufficiency is the existence of variants on the level of verbal forms from which the verbal adjectives are potentially derived. Consequently, text corpora are a significant source of knowledge about the formation and use of adjectives with endings -oucí/-ící that can be important for both a) automatic morphological analysis of Czech and b) theoretical description of Czech grammar (derivational morphology). Our goal is to present a corpus-based study of the Czech gerund, i.e. verbal adjectives with -oucí/-ící. The link between the inflected and the word-formation variants will be demonstrated using material from the SYN corpus (2,6 billion tokens of written Czech) and the large web corpus czTenTen12 (5,2 billion tokens of Czech text from the Internet — cleaned and deduplicated).
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2021
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vol. 112
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issue 3
179-209
PL
W artykule przywołano dotychczasową, wieloletnią praktykę edytorską i badawczą w zakresie edycji „Vade-mecum” Cypriana Norwida. Zwrócono też uwagę na nowe rozwiązania tekstologiczne. Dotąd przyjmowano wyłącznie warstwę czystopisową manuskryptu lub wyłącznie brulionową za podstawę wydania – obie możliwości odnosiły się do całego zbioru. Nowa propozycja ogranicza te rozstrzygnięcia do każdego z wierszy, postulując tekstologiczną analizę (jako wiążącą) w stosunku do wszystkich tekstów cyklu z osobna. Wybór podstawy nie dotyczyłby zbioru, lecz (z uwagi na niekompletność i brulionowość cyklu) poszczególnych jego ogniw. W rozprawie zaprezentowano także możliwość cyfrowej edycji „Vade-mecum” – edycji otwartej (zwłaszcza w warstwie materiałowej i komentarza), choć zarazem nie unikającej edytorskiego domknięcia.
EN
The article recollects a long-standing so far editorial and research practice of editing Cyprian Norwid’s “Vade-mecum”, and also gives attention to the new textological solutions. To this day, only the manuscript’s clean copy or only rough draft was made the editorial basis, and both possibilities referred to the entire collection. The new proposal limits the solutions to each poem, postulating a separate textological analysis (as binding one) to each piece of the cycle. The choice would not pertain to the collection but (due to its incompleteness and roughness) to its individual items. The study also suggests a digital edition of “Vade-mecum”, an open edition—especially in its material and commentary matter—though also unavoiding editorial completion.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 1
126-135
EN
The paper aims at the presence of North-East Czech dialectal elements – and, more narrowly, those of the Giant Mountains Foreland (Podkrkonoší) area – in the contemporary toponymy in the cadaster of the town Vysoké nad Jizerou. The author analyses both folk (“living”), and standardized toponyms and their mutual relation, and comes to the conclusion that contemporary toponymy employs dialectal means especially of the morphological, word-forming and lexical sort, whereas the phonetic elements of the Giant Mountains Foreland dialect are gradually disappearing. To the end of the paper, the author also suggests the ways of effective linking toponomastic research and the presentation of its results with the methods and tools of geographic information system.
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 1
99-112
EN
This article investigates some methodological issues in research on euphemisms (resulting from taboo language) in textual variants of Ukrainian obscene folk songs. In the Polish scholarly literature, it has been suggested that euphemisms can be identified by comparing texts recorded in different territories and time. It is argued in this paper, on the basis of a comparative analysis of texts published in two collections of obscene songs, that using this method does not allow to determine the direction of changes in the texts. One cannot tell for sure whether the phrases became vulgarized or euphemized. The conclusions contain a suggestion to investigate euphemisms in obscene songs by applying the method in question to original manuscripts or parallel variants of songs known to a single performer or community, e.g. the inhabitants of one village. In order to achieve the latter aim it would be necessary to carry out fieldwork.
UK
У статті розглянуто проблему методології дослідження евфемізмів (як відповіді на вплив мовного табу) в текстах українських народних сороміцьких пісень. У польській науковій літературі рекомендується досліджувати евфемізми у народних піснях шляхом порівняння варіантів пісень, які записані в різних місцях і в різний час. На основі аналізу текстів, опублікованих у двох збірниках сороміцьких пісень, виявилось, що цей спосіб дослідження евфемізмів не дозволяє ствердити, який був напрямок змін; чи відбулася евфемізація, чи вульгаризація тексту. У висновках запропоновано використання згаданого методу для аналізу оригінальних текстів у рукописах або варіантів, які відомі одному виконавцеві чи групі, напр., мешканцям одного села. Щоб реалізувати друге з названих завдань, необхідно було б провести польові дослідження.
EN
The German proverb “Es ist dafür gesorgt, daß die Bäume nicht in den Himmel wachsen“ with its shortened variant „Die Bäume wachsen nicht in den Himmel“ has been transmitted since the early sixteenth century. Its written documentation begins 1526 with Martin Luther, and it appears since 1590 in numerous variants in proverb collections. Goethe quoted it in his autobiography, and it is present in the works of Heinrich Heine, Joseph von Eichendorff, Georg Herwegh, Gottfried Keller, Theodor Fontane, Wilhelm Raabe, Hermann Hesse, Alfred Andersch, and others. Max Weber and Rosa Luxemburg made socio-political use of it, and that is also true for Winston S. Churchill, who played a part in distributing it in English translation as „Care is taken that trees don’t grow to the sky“ and „Trees don’t grow to the sky“. Joseph Goebbels quotes it repeatedly as a propagandistic leitmotif, and it also plays a role in political contexts by chancellors Conrad Adenauer, Willy Brandt, and Helmut Schmidt. Especially aphoristic writers as Dietmar Beetz, Erwin Chargaff, Peter Maiwald, Felix Renner, and Gerhard Uhlenbruck have dealt with it critically by changing it into anti-proverbs. By way of many contextualized references it is shown how the proverb developed during five centuries and how it is marked to this day by its polysituativity, polyfunctionality, and polysemanticity.
UK
У статті, зібраному на діалектному матеріалі говірок середньонаддніпрянського ареалу української мови, проаналізовано лексико-семантичні групи назв тканини і полотна, його частин і різновидів та дій, пов’язаних з їхнім виготовленням та назв виробів ткацтва. Ці лексико-семантичні групи формують репрезентанти таких сем: ‘тканина (загальна назва)ʼ; ‘полотно (загальна назва)ʼ; ‘шматок полотнаʼ; ‘поздовжній край полотнаʼ; ‘поздовжній край полотна, що не зрізаютьʼ; ‘вибілене полотно’; ‘білити полотно’; ‘полотно в 4 пасмаʼ; ‘полотно у 8 пасомʼ; ‘полотно у 9 пасомʼ; ‘полотно в 10 пасомʼ; ‘полотно в 11 пасомʼ; ‘полотно у 12 пасомʼ; ‘полотно в 13 пасомʼ; ‘клочкове полотно’; ‘товсте полотно’; ‘грубе полотно з найгіршого ґатунку прядива’; ‘полотно середнього ґатунку прядива’; ‘тонке полотно з найкращого ґатунку прядива’; ‘товста тканина’; ‘погана, рідка тканина’; ‘бавовняна тканинаʼ; ‘тканина з чистих вовняних нитокʼ; ‘тонка паперова тканинаʼ; ‘бавовняна тканинаʼ; ‘набивна тканинаʼ; ‘наводити ворсуʼ; ‘тканина, що не має ворсу на сукніʼ; ‘тканина, що має ворс на сукніʼ; ‘просте сукноʼ; ‘сукно без ворсу’; ‘сукно з ворсом’; ‘сукно різного кольоруʼ, ‘самотканий, виготовлений із домашнього полотнаʼ; ‘виріб, зроблений з тонкого полотнаʼ; ‘виріб, зроблений із товстого полотнаʼ; ‘рядно – вид простирадла з конопляної або лляної пряжі’; ‘рядно на ліжко, що підстилають під перину’; ‘рядно, яким укриваються’; ‘рядно, яким застилають лаву’; ‘рядно, яким застилали підлогу’; ‘виріб, зроблений із набивної тканиниʼ; ʼвиріб, зроблений із білого сукнаʼ. У процесі дослідження представлено особливості репрезентації, зʼясовано структурно-семантичну організацію, простежено особливості номінативних процесів цих груп лексики, виявлено системні звʼязки досліджуваних номенів. Зафіксовано лексеми, що виникли шляхом морфологічної чи семантичної деривації; аналітичні назви – атрибутивні й субстантивні словосполучення; пропозитивні – у формі речення. Однослівні найменування збережені у свідомості діалектоносіїв незважаючи на архаїзацію самих реалій, а складені – здебільшого є субститутами, які виникли у зв’язку з архаїзацією в пам’яті інформантів спеціалізованих назв. Загальновживані лексеми, що набули термінологічного значення, відображають словотворчі можливості говіркового мовлення та динаміку лексичного складу. Засвідчено номени, які мають у середньонаддніпрянських говірках різні словотвірні, фонетичні, акцентуаційні та граматичні варіант.
EN
The article, collected on the dialect material of the dialects of the Middle Dnieper area of the Ukrainian language, analyzes the lexical and semantic groups of names of fabrics and cloth, its parts and varieties and actions related to their manufacture and names of weaving products. These lexical-semantic groups form representatives of the following families: ‘fabric (common name)’; ‘canvas (common name) ʼ; ‘a piece of cloth’; ‘longitudinal edge of the canvas’; ‘longitudinal edge of the non-cutting fabric’; ‘bleached canvas’; ‘whitewash the canvas’; ‘canvas in 4 strands’; ‘canvas in 8 bands’; ‘canvas in 9 bands’; ‘canvas in 10 bandsʼ; ‘canvas in 11 bands’; ‘canvas in 12 bands’; ‘canvas in 13 bands’; ‘canvas rags’; ‘thick canvas’; ‘coarse cloth of the worst kind of yarn’; ‘medium yarn fabric’; ‘thin cloth of the best kind of yarn’; ‘thick fabric’; ‘bad, liquid fabric’; ‘cotton fabric’; ‘fabric of pure woolen threads’; ‘thin paper cloth’; ‘cotton fabric’; ‘printed fabric’; ‘to bring hair’; ‘fabric that has no lint on the dress’; ‘fabric with pile on the dress’; ‘simple cloth’; ‘lintfree cloth’; ‘pile cloth’; ‘cloth of different colors’, ‘hand-woven, made of home canvas’; ‘a product made of thin cloth’; ‘a product made of thick cloth’; ‘row - a type of sheet made of hemp or linen yarn’; ‘row on the bed, under the duvet’; ‘rows of shelters’; ‘rows that cover the lava’; ‘in a row, which covered the floor’; ‘a product made of printed fabric’; ʼa product made of white clothʼ. In the course of the research the peculiarities of the representation are presented, the structural-semantic organization is clarified, the peculiarities of the nominative processes of these vocabulary groups are traced, the systemic connections of the studied nouns are revealed. Tokens that arose by morphological or semantic derivation are recorded; analytical names - attributive and substantive phrases; propositional - in the form of a sentence. Monosyllabic names are preserved in the minds of dialect speakers despite the archaization of the realities themselves, and compound names are mostly substitutes that arose in connection with the archaization in the memory of informants of specialized names. Commonly used tokens, which have acquired terminological significance, reflect the word-forming possibilities of speech and the dynamics of lexical composition. Nouns with different word-formation, phonetic, accentuation and grammatical variants in the Middle Dnieper dialects are attested.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2022
|
vol. 113
|
issue 3
267-277
PL
Recenzja jest omówieniem wydania transliteracji autografu „Vade-mecum” Cypriana Norwida w opracowaniu Mateusza Grabowskiego. Stanowi ono nieocenioną pomoc dla tekstologów oraz filologów i historyków literatury, norwidologów w ich studiach nad tekstem poetyckiego zbioru. Recenzent stara się odsłonić warsztat pracy badacza-edytora, pokazując jego niemałe sukcesy w mierzeniu się ze skomplikowaną materią autografu (nowe odczytania zapisów brulionowych), ale zarazem odsłania momenty – mniej liczne – które mogą budzić wątpliwości, a nawet sprzeciw (błędne komentarze oraz niewłaściwe gospodarowanie wariantami przekazu).
EN
The review is a discussion concerning an edition of the autograph transliteration of Cyprian Norwid’s “Vade-mecum” prepared by Mateusz Grabowski—an invaluable help for textologists, philologists, literary historians, and Norwid scholars in their studies on the poetic collection’s text. The reviewer attempts to disclose the researcher-editor’s workshop, showing their substantial successes in striving with the complicated content matter of the autograph (a new reading of draft notes), but also unveils less numerable places that may be dubious or even arouse opposition (erroneous commentaries or improper management of the text’s variants).
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