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Estudo contrastivo da configuração das categorias verbais em português e em búlgaro

100%
Chergova V.
Studia Iberystyczne
|
2014
|
vol. 13
297-316
EN
The contrastive typological study of the Portuguese and the Bulgarian verbal systems is based on a methodological premise considering the semantic content of each verbal category as a functional relation defined on the universal level of language activity and bound to a specific formal realization in any language on the historical level of the same activity. We assume that the internal category’s organisation within the language system is a hierarchical one in the terms of Greenberg [1971: 295‑313] and Gerdžikov [2003]. Therefore, the distribution of the categorial semantic load represents the “worldview” of the historically constituted linguistic community.
2
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A cognitive-grammaticalization model of the BE NAA... LA construction i Basse Mandinka

100%
Andrason A.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2013
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issue 1(9)
65-114
EN
The present paper provides a detailed description and analysis of the meaning of the BE NAA…LA form in Basse Mandinka within the cognitive and grammaticalization framework. On the one hand, the author designs the exact range of the semantic potential of the BE NAA…LA form by enumerating all possible senses which this construction can convey. On the other hand, he demonstrates that the considerable polysemy offered by the BE NAA…LA form may be networked, holistically grasped and dynamically explained by making use of two chaining templates based upon two distinct evolutionary paths, viz. the future perfect path and the venitive path. As a result, the meaning of the BE NAA…LA form is viewed as an amalgamation of two semantic spaces organized along two different paths. This amalgamation has its roots in a formal merger of the two underlying input expressions, which constitute the conceptual and diachronic sources of the two paths, and in a partial semantic overlap of the semantic domains available along these two evolutionary templates.
3
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Affordances perspective and grammaticalization: Incorporation of language, environment and users in the model of semantic paths

75%
Andrason A., Visser M.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 4
663-696
EN
The present paper demonstrates that insights from the affordances perspective can contribute to developing a more comprehensive model of grammaticalization. The authors argue that the grammaticalization process is afforded differently depending on the values of three contributing parameters: the factor (schematized as a qualitative-quantitative map or a wave of a gram), environment (understood as the structure of the stream along which the gram travels), and actor (narrowed to certain cognitive-epistemological capacities of the users, in particular to the fact of being a native speaker). By relating grammaticalization to these three parameters and by connecting it to the theory of optimization, the proposed model offers a better approximation to realistic cases of grammaticalization: The actor and environment are overtly incorporated into the model and divergences from canonical grammaticalization paths are both tolerated and explicable.
4
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Affordances perspective and grammaticalization: Incorporation of language, environment and users in the model of semantic paths

75%
Andrason A., Visser M.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
|
2015
|
vol. 5
|
issue 4
663-696
EN
The present paper demonstrates that insights from the affordances perspective can contribute to developing a more comprehensive model of grammaticalization. The authors argue that the grammaticalization process is afforded differently depending on the values of three contributing parameters: the factor (schematized as a qualitative-quantitative map or a wave of a gram), environment (understood as the structure of the stream along which the gram travels), and actor (narrowed to certain cognitive-epistemological capacities of the users, in particular to the fact of being a native speaker). By relating grammaticalization to these three parameters and by connecting it to the theory of optimization, the proposed model offers a better approximation to realistic cases of grammaticalization: The actor and environment are overtly incorporated into the model and divergences from canonical grammaticalization paths are both tolerated and explicable.
5

The interface between verbal semantics and clause structure in Arabic hitting and breaking verbs

51%
Hassan W.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
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2015
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vol. 15
EN
This paper investigates the relationship between verbal semantics and clause structure in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). The departure point of this study is the classical paper of Fillmore (1970) The Grammar of Hitting and Breaking, in which he distinguishes two classes of English transitive verbs: (1) surface contact verbs, as in (hit, slap, strike, bump, stroke) vs. change of state verbs, as in (break, bend, fold, shatter, crack). In his paper, Fillmore argues that the meaning of a verb is based on the systematic components of meaning; that is the template of the event, and the idiosyncratic properties of the verb root. Similar to English, the Daraba ‘hitting’ and the kasara ‘breaking’ verbs are grammatically relevant in MSA. I show that the two classes are distinguished by a number of grammatical and semantic properties in MSA, as they are in English, by the means of a number of testing alternations. The paper concludes that hitting and breaking verbs are strikingly similar in English and Arabic, which supports the universality of the principles that govern the relationship between verbal semantics and argument structure.
PL
Przedmiotem badań w niniejszym artykule jest relacja między semantyką czasownika a strukturą zdania we współczesnym standardowym języku arabskim. Punktem wyjścia dla dociekań autorki jest klasyczna praca Fillmore’a z 1970 roku pt. The Grammar of Hitting and Breaking, w której wyodrębnione zostały dwa rodzaje angielskich czasowników przechodnich: (1) czasowniki opisujące styczność z powierzchnią (bić, policzkować, razić, zderzać się, klepać, uderzać) oraz (2) czasowniki wyrażające zmianę stanu z jednego w drugi (łamać, zginać, składać, roztrzaskać, pękać). Według Fillmore’a znaczenie czasownika zasadza się na systemowych składnikach znaczenia, tj. matrycy wydarzenia oraz specyficznych właściwościach rdzenia czasownika. Z gramatycznego punktu widzenia, czasownik Daraba (‘uderzać’) oraz kasara (‘łamać’) są istotne w języku arabskim; podobnie jak ich odpowiedniki hit i break w języku angielskim. Autorka udowadnia, że charakterystyczne cechy gramatyczne i semantyczne obu grup czasowników można uchwycić za pomocą testów diagnostycznych. Autorka konkluduje, że czasowniki typu uderzać i łamać w obu językach są zaskakująco do siebie podobne, co może stanowić potwierdzenie tezy o uniwersalności zasad rządzących relacjami między semantyką czasownika a strukturą zdania.
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