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Adaptace krušnohorského lidového domu na klimatické podmínky

100%
Riezner J.
Národopisný věstník
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2017
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vol. 34_(76)
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issue 2
63-86
EN
The article deals with the forms of the adaption of vernacular buildings situated in the upper part of the Ore Mountains to cold climate. Unfavourable climatic conditions in the mountainous areas were a significantly restricting factor, especially in terms of agriculture and permanent settlement. The Ore Mountains folk house is a result of the century-long adaptation to cold climate, and as such it includes a set of purposeful measures. These could be seen in the layout and construction of the house (a compact house with integrated shed, specific forms of roof) and materials used (boarding or shingle-panelling to protect gables and half-timbered walls, shingle or thatch roofs). Different architectural elements, which were conditioned by the local climate and were typical for the traditional architecture in the Ore Mountains, developed there (wind porch, bay toilet, another entrance on the second floor).
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Úvaha o významu pomocných věd. Příspěvek k metodice etnografického výzkumu

100%
Langer J.
Národopisný věstník
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2011
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vol. 28_(70)
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issue 2
5-13
EN
My experience from interdisciplinary research is based on the exploitation of studies of related branches of science that serve as auxiliary sciences to the major branch of science. In the course of study of more complex phenomena of folk culture one needs to research into their origin (not their typological development). The most limiting factor, from my point of view, is ethnographical regionalisation and the established borderlines of regions and countries. Another limiting factor is a close cohesion with the established understanding of branch-specific sources of information and methods, particularly physical preservation of ethnographic artefacts. The significance of training in auxiliary sciences for multiaspect studies is described via six examples from the author’s own study of wooden multi-aspect in Europe. Having combined aspects from several disciplines, the author managed to come up with new perspectives with respect to various issues of origins of well-known phenomena. The result was an attempt to synthesise a phenomenon the genetics of which can be examined in broad interethnic contexts only. Each and every synthesis does indeed answer the research questions, but it also asks new questions for further researches to answer. It is therefore necessary to prepare accordingly, with respect to these researches. interdisciplinary studies require familiarisation with analytical methods in related branches of science. Education of experts in ethnology could be extended to include the study of auxiliary sciences, as is the case of the auxiliary sciences of history.
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Zmizelé stavby Podorlicka a jejich dokumentace v kronice Aloise Beera

100%
Dašková M.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 1
102-112
EN
The text speaks about the today no more existing buildings of traditional architecture which are included in the drawing chronicle by Alois Beer, a native from Dobruška and autodidact. The chronicle comes from the late 19th century. The description is devoted to several particular examples described in terms of construction and history. The first building is the Beer´s own house which the author carefully documented from inside and outside. The further building presents a dwelling of executioners and knackers from Dobruška, where it was possible to describe the interior, the exterior and many constructional details. The following drawing shows the house No. 116 and in addition to the building, it depicts a lot of valuable interesting things from the exterior. The tannery in Pulice represents technical buildings. The drawing with the Chapel of the Virgin Mary introduces the original building - in its place one can find just a copy now. The picture with a workers ́ house in Zákoutí is valuable due to the fact that such types of dwellings were depicted only rarely. The last building from Dobruška shows an untypical combination of a saddle and an attic roof on an otherwise traditional building.
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Národopis, památková péče a muzea

88%
Kovářů V.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
218-220
EN
Heritage preservation is one of the fields where the results of the ethnological studies may be applied. The professional goals of Czech ethnographers include above all the documentation, but at the same time the care of monuments. It implies systematic field work: research, written as well as photographic documentation, registration, comparative studies. Classification of the detected artifacts of vernacular architecture is only one aspect of the professional ethnographic work in the institutes of heritage preservation. Close cooperation of researchers in those institutes with universities and museums, especially with the regional ones, may be considered as relatively successful. The videos, DVDs and CDs dealing with vernacular architecture technology and with the traditional procedures in the building trade are an extraordinary evidence of this symbiosis. From the point of view of the monument preservation, those films are drawn up as documentary films, however, the individual building operations are demonstrated herein. Screenplays of those films were elaborated with regard to the participation of the museum experts. the synergy of the ethnologists engaged in the monument preservation and the municipal government and state administration with their aim to enhance local or regional tradition cannot be overlooked. Participation inpreservation of a number of objects of vernacular architecture in particular villages enables the contemporary generation to learn about local building traditions, handcraft production, etc. Environment created like this is an ideal starting point for common cultural activities, stimulation of interest in the native place and region, previous generations and their way of life.
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K počátkům zájmu o lidové stavitelství na Boskovicku. Připomínka k 100. výročí úmrtí Františka Lipky

88%
Malach R.
Národopisný věstník
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2019
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vol. 36_(78)
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issue 1
43-50
EN
Several researchers, who collected the expressions of oral folk literature, worked in the Boskovice area in the second half of the 19th century. Other parts of traditional rural life drew attention only from the late 19th century. At that time, the pharmacist František Lipka worked in the region, who took a crucial part in the photo and drawing documentation of vernacular architecture. His expert articles and photos taken in the countryside are the principal start-point for the future research into vernacular architecture in the Boskovice area.
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Modely jako prostředek dokumentace lidové architektury na příkladu modelů z Národopisné výstavy ze sbírek Národního zemědělského muzea

88%
Novák P.
Národopisný věstník
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2017
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vol. 34_(76)
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issue 1
129-135
EN
Models of vernacular architecture are one of the best ways for the documentation of folk buildings. However, it is necessary to be aware of the fact that those models document the buildings visually, while their construction and material are documented only insufficiently. The research on the models showed that the models are made at more quality levels which differ in the fidelity of imitation of a constructional detail or material used. Even though the models will continue to be a suitable means to document vernacular architecture, it is necessary to replenish them with other documentation methods. The future of the models consists primarily in the presentation of folk buildings.
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Poslední dřevěné stodoly v Moravské bráně

88%
Bryol R.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 2
56-72
EN
The study is focused territorially on the region of Moravian Gate that covers the foothills of the Beskids, the Hostýnské and the Oderské Hills. In this region, only few examples of wooden vernacular architecture have survived to date, among them timbered barns are the most remarkable buildings. Dendrochronological dating proved that the preserved buildings had been built mainly at the turn of the 19th century. The timbered barn in Skalička near Hranice comes from the second half of the 16th century. As early as from the second half of the 19th century, these originally wooden buildings were rebuilt to the bricked ones, as the entire farmstead was. Another reason for disappearing of wooden barn was that private farming began to vanish in the mid-20th century. The discovered wooden barns are usually used as storage rooms for different materials. Many of them have survived in fragments and their owners are not interested in safeguarding them. Contemplations about the preservation of some of these ancient buildings are justified.
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Příspěvek k lokalizaci zaniklé české vesnice Elizabeta v rumunském Banátu

88%
Šantrůčková M., Fanta V.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2014
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vol. 101
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issue 3
279-298
EN
The article proposes some possible localizations of the extinct village Elizabeta in Romanian Banat. This village was founded as the first of the relatively large Czech colonization wave at the beginning of the 1820s that led to the mountainous area of Banat by the river Donau.
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Vernacular architecture and traditional rural landscape in new socio-economic realities - a case study from Central Poland

88%
Gorączko M., Gorączko A.
Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
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2015
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vol. 30
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issue 30
43-58
EN
The article presents the results of the research survey of the old rural constructions in the Koło Basin (Central Poland) and its closest vicinity, conducted by the authors in the period 2011-2013. From the beginning of the 19th century until the late 1960s, the population of that region tended to use for construction limestone, instead of wood which for centuries was the most common building material on Polish lowlands. Using the local deposits of limestone, excavated near Rożaniatow village, various structures were built, with the parts of the building most endangered by degradation made of ceramic bricks (for corners and window/door frames) or glacial erratics (for wall base), thereby forming structures with specific architectural and aesthetic features, unique to that region. The survey was conducted in 165 villages of the region, cataloguing more than 2,000 such structures - residential buildings, farm facilities, industrial buildings. Many of these buildings display a similar elevation style of same-coloured stones, making them one of the most specific elements of the landscape. The analysed area, just like the majority of rural Poland, is currently undergoing socio-economic changes which started in the 1990s and intensified after Poland joined the European Union. Changes in production profiles and farm sizes, migration of rural population to cities or countries of Western and Northern Europe, and progress of suburbanization are some of the main factors which trigger significant changes in the settlement network of the country. This is the right moment to assess whether the traditional solutions applied in the rural construction of the Koło Basin are worth modern application or whether they are only an element of cultural heritage valuable just from the historical perspective.
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Národopisná výstava českoslovanská v kontexte bádania ľudovej architektúry na Slovensku v druhej polovici 19. storočia

88%
Štancelová Z.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 2
46-55
EN
As for the Slovakian history, the second half of the 19th century saw efforts for acknowledgement of the Slovakian folk that lived in Upper Hungary. The always stronger policy of magyarization was not favourable to the expressions from the Slovakian ethnic group which could disrupt the political line of the Hungarian nation. As a result of this, cultural and social activities were limited, which brought about a weak support to the scientific work focused on Slovakian ethnography. Ethnographic papers from that period focused on the documentation of Slovakian embroideries and lace and the research into folk literature. Vernacular architecture was outside this research. The reversal came only in connection with the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition in Prague in 1895 where traditional architecture of Slovakia was presented through models and three buildings in the exhibition village. The great response among the wide and professional public (especially the presentation of a farmstead from Čičmany) drew attention to Slovakia as an unresearched ethnographic territory. The Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition was the first important impulse for the documentation of and research into vernacular architecture in Slovakia, which started developing fully in the 1930s.
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Modely lidové architektury ze sbírek Městského muzea v Přelouči

88%
Pešta M.
Národopisný věstník
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2017
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vol. 34_(76)
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issue 1
136-144
EN
The text deals with models of vernacular architecture in collections of the Přelouč City Museum. The models were made by Antonín Pleskot (1909-1980), a native from Přelouč and a today less known author of vernacular architecture ́s models, in connection with the Přelouč Ethnographic Exhibition (1893) at the turn of the 20th century. The contribution also summaries his production. Pleskot produced historical and ethnographic models of different buildings for national heritage institutions and different museums throughout the then Czechoslovakia. His works were exhibited, among other places, in the National Museums in Prague and Bratislava, in the Moravian Museum in Brno, the Silesian Museum in Opava, the South-Bohemian Museum in České Budějovice and in Nitra.Pleskot was a member of the Marold Association of Fine Artists and took part in several exhibitions, including the Exhibition of Folk Art at the Hybernians´ Palace in Prague in 1953.
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K současným hodnotám vesnického prostředí moravského Záhoří

88%
Bryol R.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 1
5-14
EN
In the submitted reflection essay, I contemplate the rural environment in the region of Moravian Záhoří from the point of view of an ethnologist. The significant value of this regions concerns the landscape character of this agricultural region in a low hilly area adjacent to the western Carpathians and only rarely disturbed by modern industrial elements. The natural communication network with a plethora of small sacral monuments interconnects the individual villages, which have not undergone an essential development. If new residential districts are built at the outskirts of the villages, at least the village core preserves some traditional values. In most locations in the region we can perceive the surviving urbanism of village greens and neighbouring farmsteads which have kept their volume corresponding to the first half of the 20th century. The farmsteads built from fired materials in large dimensions suffice without significant changes even today and they even exceed spatial demands in some cases. Therefore some parts of houses remain lifeless whereby the use of farm wings and buildings themselves seems to be a big problem. We encounter surviving architectural details of facades only in a few cases because these were wiped by younger reconstructions, or covered by modern layers. In spite of all modernization steps which were made during the 20th century and which continue at present as well, we can consider the region of Moravian Záhoří to be an exceptional region with preserved landscape and urban elements, which would be worthy a bigger tourist but especially professional interest of different disciplines. The primary precondition in this context is to find a relation to positive values surviving from the past on the side of inhabitants and representatives of particular villages.
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Národopis a památková péče

88%
Bureš P.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
221-229
EN
The ethnographers, museologists and preservationists apply postulates as well as practical experience from their specializations, among others in the field of the specialized open-air expositions of vernacular architecture. Construction of those expositions may be based on preservation of the object in situ (rymice, třebíz), but also transfers may be applied and the open-air museums on the so-called “green field” can be constructed (Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Strážnice). There are some institutions, where we can find the combination of both (Veselý Kopec). In addition to that, a whole range of solitary rural buildings, which were redeveloped and utilized for all sorts of exposition purposes or for some other social and cultural objectives, exist. Ethnographers working as museologists and preservationists participated in establishment, redevelopment, furnishing, as well as in the follow-up maintenance of those rural buildings. Those buildings are established by the museums (detached branches of ethnographical institutes, monuments of some local celebrities), by municipalities as well as by other governmental and private organizations.
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Dokumentace lidové architektury východní Moravy v díle Antonína Kuriala

75%
Kovářů V.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 1
112-117
EN
The efforts and results of the research work of the 19th-century personalities who prepared the Czechoslavic Ethnographic Exhibition was continued by other scientists from ethnography and other disciplines dealing with folk culture in the 20th century. Dušan Jurkovič, Zdeněk Wirth and Václav Mencl as well as others were among the most significant experts in the branch of vernacular architecture. Antonín Kurial, a student of Prof. Groha and a university teacher, followed their traces and learned from their results. He succeeded in developing the theories about the documentation of vernacular architecture into a fully- fledged practice. Together with his students at Brno University of Technology, he tried to achieve the best possible way of documentation. After World War II, he started to make an inventory of and to localize more than 1 300 buildings and to survey the selected vernacular buildings from Moravia and Silesia in the measuring scale 1:50 and 1:25. Eastern Moravia, especially the regions of Luhačovské Zálesí and southern Wallachia as well as the villages with timbered architecture in the Vsetín area are abundantly represented in his collection prepared for the Atlas of Vernacular Architecture. The collected documents are published in the form of a printed Catalogue of Vernacular Architecture in particular districts and they are considered to be a unique form of detailed documentation of vernacular buildings in Central Europe.
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Odwołania do tradycji we współczesnej architekturze aglomeracji poznańskiej jako szansa na poprawę jakości przestrzeni

63%
Zierke P., Zakład Architektury Miejsc Pracy i Rekreacji W. A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Socio-Oeconomica
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2015
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issue 19
PL
Proces degradacji przestrzennej małych miast i wsi stanowi złożony problem, który został w sposób szkicowy omówiony w pracy. Receptą na uporządkowanie przestrzeni jest w opinii autora m.in. pielęgnowanie wiedzy o tożsamości kulturowej regionu poprzez nawiązywanie w architekturze do lokalnej tradycji. W artykule zaprezentowane zostały nieliczne udane realizacje i modernizacje budynków, których architektura nawiązuje do kultury i tradycji Wielkopolski.
EN
This article is the result and partial summary of the author’s research on the spatial degradation of Poznań metropolitan area – a complex problem, which is briefly discussed in this work. The aim of the article is to present the most successful examples of contemporary buildings in the analysed area that are in contrast to the majority of buildings, which do not respect the cultural legacy and building tradition of the region. It shows that it is possible to successfully combine modern design with traditional forms and that such an approach always gives benefits to the surrounding area and its spatial order. The scarcity of such buildings proves that the level of architectural awareness of society regarding local building traditions and cultural heritage of Wielkopolska is low. It also results in progressing spatial degradation of suburban areas. This elaboration shows that the recipe for improvement of spatial order in Poznań agglomeration is to propagate the knowledge of cultural identity of this region and promote correspondence of contemporary architecture to the local building traditions.
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Příspěvek k salašnickému hospodaření na Moravském Valašsku. Ovčín na panské salaši jako zapomenutý objekt tradičního stavitelství na Moravě

51%
Bajer V., Bryol R., Španihel S.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2021
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vol. 108
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issue 4
479-509
EN
Carpathian shepherding, i.e., seasonal mountain cattle farming is an inseparable part of life in the highland of eastern Moravia and Silesia, regardless of the debate as to its origins and extent. It is possible to observe not only the blending of what were essentially mountain practices with the domestic peasant tradition, but also the use of this method of farming across social groups. In one lithograph by the well-known Moravian painter and graphic artist František Kalivoda (1824–1859), in the sheep pasture above Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, there is an unusually large structure, which is presumed to be a sheepshed. This has not yet been reflected in the ethnography of these lands. The research, which was based primarily on archival, ethnological and archaeological research, complements the well-known but very fragmentary facts about mountain farming under manorial management and reconstructs the architectural form of the building and its functions.
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