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Women weavers recognising their craftwork

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EN
This article analyses experiences of crafstmanship within a group of women weavers. It looks at the process of mastering the art of textile-making amidst the tensions of a creative act, living on the margins and striving for recognition. The research methodology aims at closing the gap between researchers and the researched. The theoretical-methodological arguments are based on participatory research combined with the feminist perspective of giving visibility to the women´s history, which involves an act of research done as (self-)formation. Participant observation, discussion groups and talking circles allowed the collection of material for the analysis of the experiences. We came to the conclusion that the researchers and the women weavers (the researched) produce an aesthetics at a point of interface between their art studio and education environments, whereby women artisans were inspired to see their work from another perspective and recognise their craftwork, and they were challenged, along with the students as well as the professor, to think about teaching and learning in youth and adult education through handcrafted work. In this process, we come to elaborate a feminist hermeneutics.
EN
The thesis of my paper is that art participatory practices in public space have a paradoxical potential to avoid a paradigm of visibility. What I call the paradigm of visibility is a formula of social presence of art which is based on a necessity of occupying a certain physical or symbolical space and an effort to sustain it. This kind of public presence of art is traditionally considered to be a guarantee of its value in terms of both artistic and social legitimisation. A question arises if this formula has an alternative. It seems that participatory art practices in public space – focused on production of objects and searching for social impact and social efficacy – can formulate a different model of presence of art (of its production and distribution) than object-based art.
EN
Opera is undoubtedly a particularly high and traditional genre of art, but recently there have been numerous attempts at breaking this stereotype and presenting opera in a contemporary light. The most popular way of achieving this aim is either staging modernized opera productions, i.e. transferring their plot from their traditional setting to the here and now, or considerably changing their interpretation. Staging modernized productions involves, first of all, the issue of stage design, and an alteration in the traditional interpretation is mostly created by acting, but nowadays it is also the translation shown in the form of surtitles that creates the significance of operatic productions.
EN
Opera is undoubtedly a particularly high and traditional genre of art, but recently there have been numerous attempts at breaking this stereotype and presenting opera in a contemporary light. The most popular way of achieving this aim is either staging modernized opera productions, i.e. transferring their plot from their traditional setting to the here and now, or considerably changing their interpretation. Staging modernized productions involves, first of all, the issue of stage design, and an alteration in the traditional interpretation is mostly created by acting, but nowadays it is also the translation shown in the form of surtitles that creates the significance of operatic productions.
EN
The new Law on Higher Education and Science introduced a new measure for the evaluation of universities in Poland – the impact of scientific activity on the functioning of society and the economy. The aim of this article is to outline the possibilities of universities and scientists in regard to the dissemination of research within two main areas of action. One of them concerns professional efforts towards facilitating access to academic publications (open access publishing, posting articles on platforms and databases for scholars and research institutions, or establishing scientific profiles and university knowledge bases). The second area concerns the popularisation of research in the media by means of public relations (especially media relations). This article presents the view that coordinated activities in those two areas are of key importance for increasing scientific visibility. The ways in which research issues are presented in the media have been shown in the example of media coverage at the University of Gdańsk. The investigation has shown that dissemination of research and science in the media requires increasing the role of professional communicators, for it is possible to shape the agenda setting of academic research using instruments of public relations, taking advantage of the newsworthy character of media coverage.
EN
This paper reflects on the visual practices involving the circulation of portraits of authors in their publications, and in public sphere. The photographic portrait of the author interjects the belief that the presence of the author through and in the image familiarizes and intensifies its subject’s presence and declares the author’s identity. As a visual paratext, a portrait becomes an autobiographical space of self-invention and self-construction. I wish to illustrate these processes by focusing on Tadeusz Różewicz’s (1921–2014) complex ways of accessing visibility and manners of “fixing” his identity in the collaborative work he produced with the photographer Adam Hawałej under the title Rubbish Dump (2015).
EN
In times of globalisation and super-mobility, ideas of normality are in turmoil. In different societies in, across and beyond Europe, we face the challenge of undoing specific notions of normality and creating more inclusive societies with an open culture of learning to live with differences. The scope of the paper is to introduce some findings on encounters with difference and negotiations of social values in relation to a growing visibility of difference after 1989 in Poland, on the background of a critique of normality/normalisation and normalcy.On the basis of interviews conducted inWarsaw, we investigate how normality/normalisation discourses of visible homosexuality and physical disability are incorporated into individual self-reflections and justifications of prejudices (homophobia and disabilism). More specifically we argue that there are moments of ‚cultural transgressions’ present in everyday practices towards ‚visible’ sexual and (dis)ability difference.
EN
Adaptiveness is one of the most significant features of the supply chain that affects the results of its functioning. The capability of the supply chain to adapt to all, more and more demanding conditions is one of the main factors that guarantee long-term competitiveness and success. R. Kalakota, M. Robinson and P. Gundepudi consider inventory visibility, fulfilment velocity and coordination versatility as three fundamental pillars of adaptive supply chains, also termed as 3V in the literature. The chief objective of this paper is the identification of features that a supply chain should have in order to be called adaptive, as well as the verification of their compliance with the 3V principle. The review of the available literature sources that focus on the subject of the major features of adaptive supply chains (in particular having a decisive effect on their adaptive capabilities) has resulted in certain common elements. The authors of all the described approaches emphasise the two features: visibility and velocity. The third, frequently indicated, feature is also versatility or variety (that can be treated as one of the elements of the versatility of the supply chain). Visibility involves ensuring access to the information for all participants in the supply chain, also customers. Velocity, in turn, refers to the reaction time of the supply chain to all sorts of events and the time of implementing necessary changes. The third element is versatility. It primarily involves balancing the operational capability of a supply chain with market requirements, in particular delivering suitable products and services of the required quality and in the ordered volume. It is also vital to adjust the offer to the individual needs of customers.
EN
From 1660 onwards, Restoration dramatists drew on seventeenth-century Spanish theatre in search of new plots and characters that might appeal to London audiences. Despite the socio-historical differences between two distinct theatrical traditions, practitioners managed to turn the foreign plays into actable English texts. By comparing a corpus of classical Spanish plays and their versions in Restoration England, this paper aims to provide some insight into the translation strategies employed. In this sense, two performance- -oriented mechanisms can be distinguished. On the one hand, many elements in the source texts were naturalised to meet the demands of the target culture, as perceived not only in the treatment of rhythm, versification and rhetorical devices but also in action, act-division and characterisation. This domesticating method is also noticeable in how the central motifs of the comedia, i.e. comicality (stage and linguistic), honour and love, were approached. On the other hand, some aspects in the originals (storylines, names and certain stylistic features) were maintained, manifestly showing the Spanishness of the play-text. A contrastive study leads to significant conclusions on the success of these tailor-made, accommodating formulas, and raises questions about the extent to which the translators reach the status of authors by leaving a visible mark on their creations.
EN
In his writings at the end of the fifties, Merleau-Ponty introduced a new semantic and expressional circuit with the concept of “visibility”, a variation on the concept of “flesh” (chair). The aim of this article is to show that a consistent interpretation of this circuit necessarily leads us to a consideration of the concept of visibility as a systematically privileged viewpoint for the interpretation of all Merleau-Ponty’s more particular discussions. The concept of visibility, or flesh, summarises Merleau-Ponty’s thesis that the proper cohesion of the “horizon” or “field” is prior to that which is objectively and individually thinkable within it. Thus, Merleau-Ponty’s pivotal idea is set down not just from the phenomenological viewpoint, or in particular instances, but rather quite generally and in an ontological sense. The article offers an analysis of the lexis related to the concept of visibility, characterises Merleau-Ponty’s conception of phenomenon from its perspective and summarises its ontological consequences, using the example of two central themes i.e. the relation between subject and object and the relation between the empirical and ideal.
CS
Na konci padesátých let Merleau-Ponty ve svých textech zavádí nový formulační a významový okruh související s pojmem „viditelnosti“, variantou pojmu „tělesnost“ (chair). Cílem této stati je ukázat, že důsledná interpretace zmíněného okruhu nutně vede k tomu, že musíme pojem viditelnosti považovat za systematicky privilegované východisko pro interpretaci všech dílčích Merleau-Pontyho výkladů. Pojem viditelnosti resp. tělesnosti totiž shrnuje Merleau-Pontyho tezi o prioritě souvislosti „horizontu“ či „pole“ ve vztahu k tomu, co je předmětně a individuálně myslitelné uvnitř něj, a to nikoli již pouze z fenomenologického hlediska a u konkrétních témat, nýbrž obecně a v ontologickém smyslu. Článek nabízí rozbor lexika viditelnosti, z takto naznačené perspektivy viditelnosti charakterizuje Merleau-Pontyho pojetí fenoménu a shrnuje jeho ontologické důsledky na příkladu dvou ústředních témat, jimiž je vztah mezi subjektem a objektem a mezi empirickým a ideálním.
EN
In the time of rapid development of Internet technologies and changing competitive environment, one of the most significant ways of creation of the e-commerce endeavor value is the increase of the incoming traffic of the internet website and the level of its conversion into business goals. Undertaking activities form the scope of internet marketing and increase of the usability and accessibility of websites are supporting this cause. However, this issues being broadly described in the literature they still have limited applications in business practice. The article presents the most important factors influencing the scope and characteristics of internet traffic that depends on the internet website owners. Issues are illustrates with research of listed factors that were performed on selected e-commerce systems from the B2C sector in Poland.
EN
In my article I analyse how in the Polish press from the second half of the nineteenth century an experience of the exhibition was projected and presented. I am mainly interested in the opposition between chaotic experience (no orientation in space, lack of knowledge about what to look at) and structured visual experience. Journalism of that period expresses the belief that the spatial order of the exhibition should transparently structure the experience: the visitor always has to know what he is looking at (thanks to catalogues, maps, signatures, a suitable arrangement of exhibits), easily orient himself in space (thanks to the appropriate organization), to know how to move. He should also behave properly: watch and learn. The sense of sight is to dominate the touch, hearing, taste, smell, analytical reception – over active participation. The visitor is therefore expected to be a passive spectator in Richard Sennett’s sense, excluded from the active shaping of interpretation, interaction and space. However, the messages dealing with how the exhibition should be experienced simultaneously reveal concerns about “inappropriate” reception. These concerns manifest themselves in images of the space post-exhibition (rotting flowers, lost umbrellas and children), comments on the “wrong” behaviour of the audience, criticism on how the exhibition was organized. Planned in advance visual order of the project therefore remains in constant tension with what goes beyond it – chaos, spontaneity, multi-sensuality, melancholy. This ambivalence seems to indicate that the exhibition was a specific attempt to “subdue” the modern experience (the rate of change, motion, opacity) by limiting it in time and space, organization, regimentation, bringing to the visual aspect.
EN
The issue of innovativeness is gaining importance due to rapid changes that enterprises have to face. The aim of this paper is to check if there is a relationship between the innovation level of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) providers and the level of visibility of a given type of business activity on the Internet. In the theoretical part, a review of Polish and English literature devoted to the issue of innovation measures, KIBS and the problem of visibility on the Internet was conducted. To implement the research objective, two research streams were integrated to examine the level of KIBS innovativeness – Statistics Poland data on the number of innovations implemented by individual KIBS suppliers with the results of a netnographic analysis presenting the level of visibility which can be considered as a determinant of the level of relative demand for given services. The results of the analysis show the level of innovation of individual KIBS and point to the weak relationship with the level of visibility on the Internet.
PL
Problematyka innowacyjności zyskuje na znaczeniu w obliczu dynamicznych zmian, którym przedsiębiorstwa muszą sprostać. Celem pracy jest sprawdzenie, czy istnieją związki między poziomem innowacyjności dostawców usług biznesowych opartych na wiedzy (KIBS) a poziomem widoczności danego rodzaju działalności biznesowej w Internecie. W części teoretycznej przeprowadzono kwerendę literatury polskiej i anglojęzycznej poświęconej zagadnieniom mierników innowacyjności, KIBS oraz problematyce widoczności w Internecie. Dla realizacji postawionego celu badawczego, zintegrowano dwa strumienie badawcze by zbadać poziom innowacyjności KIBS – zestawiono dane GUS dotyczące ilości wdrażanych innowacji przez poszczególnych dostawców KIBS z wynikami analizy netograficznej prezentującej zapotrzebowanie rynku na poszczególne rodzaje usług biznesowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy ukazują poziom innowacyjności poszczególnych KIBS i wskazują słabe powiązania z poziomem widoczności w Internecie.
PL
Rosnące znaczenie opakowań produktów w komunikacji rynkowej pomiędzy producentami dóbr a ich konsumentami sprawia, że niezwykle ważna okazuje się właściwa dostępność zamieszczonych na nich informacji. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie metody TVScore, próba jej adaptacji do warunków krajowych oraz przeprowadzenie przy jej użyciu oceny oznakowania wybranych suplementów diety. Wybór tej grupy środków spożywczych do badań wynikał z takich czynników jak ciągle rosnąca sprzedaż tych produktów oraz wysoki poziom niezadowolenia konsumentów z ich oznakowania. Do oceny wytypowano dziewięć opakowań suplementów diety wspomagających odporność. Otrzymane wyniki pozwoliły na wskazanie, że w największej liczbie przypadków o niskiej dostępności oznakowania decydowała zbyt mała czcionka oraz połyskująca powierzchnia opakowań.
EN
In the light of the growing importance of product packaging in a producer’s communication with consumers, it is of the utmost importance that the information packaging is meant to convey be made as accessible as possible. The aim of this article was to introduce the TVScore method, adapt it to the conditions in Poland and implement with its use an assessment of the product labeling of chosen dietary supplements. This group was chosen for the research for several reasons, including the steady growth in sales the market has seen and the consistently low level of satisfaction consumers feel with regard to supplement packaging. Nine items were selected to evaluate the packaging of dietary supplements marketed to boost immunity to illness. The results show that the largest number of cases with labeling deemed problematic involved packaging with fonts that were too small to read and packaging with a glossy surface.
EN
This article is part of a body of research into the conventions which govern the composition of Gothic texts. Gothic fiction resorts to formulas or formula-like constructions, but whereas in writers such as Ann Radcliffe this practice is apt to be masked by stylistic devices, it enjoys a more naked display in the–in our modern eyes–less ‘canonical’ Gothics, and it is in these that we may profitably begin an analysis. The novel selected was Peter Teuthold’s The Necromancer (1794)–a very free translation of K. F. Kahlert’s Der Geisterbanner (1792) and one of the seven Gothic novels mentioned in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey. There is currently no literature on the topic of formulaic language in Gothic prose fiction. The article resorts to a modified understanding of the term ‘collocation’ as used in lexicography and corpus linguistics to identify the significant co-occurrence of two or more words in proximity. It also draws on insights from the Theory of Oral-Formulaic Composition, in particular as concerns the use of the term ‘formula’ in traditional epic poetry, though again some modifications are required by the nature of Teuthold’s text. The article differentiates between formula as a set of words which appear in invariant or near-invariant collocation more than once, and a formulaic pattern, a rather more complex, open system of collocations involving lexical and other fields. The article isolates a formulaic pattern-that gravitating around the node-word ‘horror’, a key word for the entire Gothic genre –, defines its component elements and structure within the book, and analyses its thematic importance. Key to this analysis are the concepts of overpatterning, ritualization, equivalence and visibility.
EN
The paper discusses the relationship between Marcel Proust and Jean Cocteau in connection with the problem of their “visibility” (Nathalie Heinich) based on Jean Cocteau’s portrait (1922) of Marcel Proust and Claude Arnaud’s biographical essay (2013). In this context, Cocteau’s drawing, which conveys Marcel Proust’s extravagant character, could nowadays be considered not only a caricatural representation of the author of In Search of Lost Time, but also a demythologizing one, especially in contrast to the image of invisible Proust created by structuralist interpretations. Also, in the mediatic and theoretical contemporary context, Cocteau’s visual representation of Proust could be used to reflect on Proust ’s action (conduite) which, combined with his narrative discourse, defines the “posture” (Jérôme Meizoz) of the author of In Search… within the literary field.
FR
Partant d’un dessin de Marcel Proust par Jean Cocteau conçu en 1922 ainsi que d’un essai biographique de Claude Arnaud publié en 2013, l’auteur de l’article présente la relation entre les deux écrivains en référence à la problématique de leur « visibilité » (Nathalie Heinich). Dans ce contexte-là, le dessin de Cocteau, restant en accord avec le caractère démesuré de Marcel Proust, peut être aujourd’hui considéré comme une représentation caricaturale de l’auteur de la Recherche qui démythifie une image de Proust-écrivain invisible créée par la vulgate structuraliste. Aussi, dans le contexte médiatique et théorique contemporain, la représentation visuelle de Proust par Cocteau peut s'avérer utile pour la réflexion à propos de la « conduite » non-narrative de Proust qui, à côté de son activité discursive, définit la « posture » (Jérôme Meizoz) de l’auteur de la Recherche dans le champ littéraire français.
EN
The article indicates how the mountainous space is articulated in Cosmos in its “logical-underground” manner. The gradual occurrence of random improbabilities permeates the novel. In addition, the book reveals marked differences in how tangible matter is represented in its first part (the guest house events) and in its description of the Tatras. Eventually, the journey of the living protagonists ends under the mass of inanimate matter, thus obliterating the cohesion of human and animal world, and even of corporeality as such. This is how the human polarity – the improbable – demonstrates itself and how it multiplies indefinitely.
EN
The text refers to the phenomenon of the nineteenth-century exhibitions and considers them as a practice where important issues for modern visual and cognitive experience are accumulated. The basic category, through which the author tries to describe this phenomenon, is 'attention' in the sense that Jonathan Crary gives it. The exhibition is seen here as an insistent, though unsuccessful attempt to overcome the crisis of organising perception, finding its relationship in a number of literary genres and practices that gain popularity in the age of modernity – such as a travel guide and catalogue.
EN
Analising a subject "W soczewce. Wybrane aspekty wizualności w XIX wieku" from a perspective of fine arts, the article addresses a few various threads of interpretation of this phenomenon. One of them belongs to painting and technical side of impressionists, the other – eye defects related to ophthalmology and medicine, having an impact on translation of the real world into an artistic image, while another – a way of looking through the prism of ideological perceptions and interpretations in art. Despite their differences, each is equally important. It can be infinitely many interpretations of reality, which is why it is so difficult to talk about objectivity of looking through individual lens that each of us has from the moment of birth.
EN
The aim of the study is to examine the work of classical poets of Polish modernism in the light of male studies developed by Calvin Thomas in his work Male Matters. The article brings forward the profile and work of Thomas showing that his ‘anxiety of production’ concept differs from other male studies in its distinctive usefulness in the field of literary studies. In his theory Thomas deals with the ambivalent relation between a male identity and the very act of writing which inevitably brings shameful externalisation (and even feminisation) in signs and makes the creator conditioned by his own product including its repulsive materiality. In my study I follow different ways in which modern Polish poets manage the immanent corporeality of creation, imagined as uncontrollable ejaculation, humiliating exertion or the painful process of giving birth to a poem.
PL
Celem szkicu jest rozpatrzenie twórczości klasyków polskiej poezji nowoczesnej pod kątem studiów nad męskością, które Calvin Thomas rozwija w pracy Male Matters. Artykuł przybliża sylwetkę i twórczość krytyczną Thomasa, wskazując, iż zaproponowany przezeń koncept „lęku produkcji” wyróżnia się na tle innych studiów nad męskością ze względu na swoją szczególną użyteczność dla badań literackich. Przedmiotem zainteresowania Thomasa jest ambiwalentny związek między męską tożsamością i aktem pisania, który nieuchronnie wiąże się zawstydzającym uzewnętrznieniem się (a nawet feminizacją) w znakach i uzależnia twórcę od odpychającej materii jego własnego wytworu. W artykule autor przygląda się różnym postawom, jakie polscy poeci nowocześni przyjmują wobec niezbywalnie cielesnego wymiaru procesu twórczego, który w ich wyobraźni przybiera postać niedającego się opanować wytrysku, poniżającego aktu wydalania i bolesnego rodzenia wiersza.
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