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EN
The dynamic development of the visual culture requires a revised approach and thinking about its role in didactic process and its presence in scientific research. The key goals of the author’s scientific interest in the different aspects of the visual aspect are as follows: to join the discussion on if and how to utilize photography in research on education, to rework the selected imaging techniques and analytical methods in this very context, and to carry out an interpretation of the visual material. The article references the outcomes obtained so far by an author.
EN
This article offers a framework for understanding and refl ecting upon the various ways that urban scholars have worked with visual representations of city spaces. It suggests that there are three main approaches: representing the urban, evoking the urban and performing the urban. The paper discusses the methodological implications of each of these.
EN
Reviewed book: Paweł Frelik, Kultury wizualne science fiction, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Universitas 2017, ISBN: 978-83-24227-00-6, pp. 216.
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FOTO -OBRAZY ARCHITEKTURY

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PL
Żyjemy w czasach, w których obraz staje się ważniejszy niż słowo. Fotografia architektoniczna jest częścią procesu zmiany paradygmatu poznawczego. W miejsce teorii, narracji zapisanych przy pomocy słów, pojawiają się przekazy oparte na obrazach. Narodziny fotografii architektonicznej są ściśle związane z technicznym wynalazkiem fotografii. Do jej znaczących „kamieni milowych” można zaliczyć: pierwszy tekst krytyczny ilustrowany fotografiami współczesnego architekta, „przewrót kubistyczny”, który wpłynął znacząco na modernistyczną koncepcję przestrzeni, a który dokonał się m.in. za sprawą analitycznego użycia fotografii, oraz powstanie instytucjonalnych kolekcji foto-obrazów architektury. Do ważnych momentów w określeniu kondycji fotografii architektonicznej należą również wystawy i towarzyszące im katalogi. Zorganizowany w 2014 roku w Londynie pokaz pt. Constructing Worlds: Photography and Architecture in the Modern Age stał się okazją do refleksji i prezentacji nowych koncepcji odwzorowywania architektury na płaskich powierzchniach zdjęć. Równolegle, na styku biznesu i kultury masowej, zachodzą procesy koncentracji władzy nad obrazami (zasobami ikonograficznymi), za pomocą których media kształtują nasze wyobrażenie o świecie.
EN
In our times, images have become more important than words. Architectural photos belong to the process of changing the cognitive paradigm. Image-based messages replace the narrative theories composed of words. The birth of an architectural photography is closely related to the technical invention of photography. Its important “milestones” include the first critical text illustrated with photos by a contemporary architect, “cubist upheaval”, which affected the modernistic concept of space to a significant degree and which took place e.g. through an analytical use of photography, as well as the creation of institutional collections of photo images of architecture. Important factors contributing to defining the architectural photography condition include also exhibitions and accompanying catalogues. The exhibition organised in 2014 in London, called Constructing Worlds: Photography and Architecture in the Modern Age, became a site of reflection and presentation of new concepts in depicting architecture on flat photo surfaces. At the same time, at the contact point of business and mass culture, there are processes of focusing authority over images (iconographic resources) which are used by the media to form our image of the world.
EN
This article aims at exploring and problematizing the role of visual designs, as applied in a selection of five popular recent college textbooks that introduce students to Cultural and Media Studies. It can be observed that academic textbooks are increasingly produced in alignment with the properties of contemporary visual culture. The article reviews some of these properties, focusing on the growing need for enhancing visual literacy. It presents the framework of multimodal analysis, as the textbook is co-constituted by verbal and visual modes, which are integrated through a common design. The analytic categories of multimodal analysis allow for a qualitative, yet systematic, examination of some compositional and semiotic resources that have been applied in textbooks. The analysis focuses on textbook typography, supra-textual organization, the number and choice of figures/tables/lists, the layout of pages, structure of chapter/section, and type and framing of visuals. This is followed by a function-oriented critical discussion of these stylistic properties and of the implications of certain compositional preferences for teaching/learning. The study identifies designs that result in diversifying and aestheticizing textbooks visually, as well as hierarchizing and objectivizing knowledge. While both advantages and disadvantages of currently popular designs can be found, attention is drawn to the fact that visually-enhanced designs might fail to engage students in critical reflection, simplify the issues, and divert attention from the merits of exposition/argument, particularly if students lack skills in visual literacy.
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Mezi obory: vizuální kultura

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EN
In the field of the folk and popularized art, ethnography and art history cooperated for the entire 20th century, especially in the iconographic and iconological studies. However, the folk and popularized art remained a subject matter of ethnology, while the art history was concerned with the professional art. This was the reason that mass culture and visual art were marginalized until the 1960s, regardless of the social groups which are consumers of this type of culture, and regardless of the aesthetic rating. This barrier was broken only within the last three decades under the influence of the increased interest in everyday culture and its manifestations such as mass graphic, occasional prints, greeting-cards, souvenirs, recently also advertisement and new media products. The whole sphere of the so-called visual culture became an object of interdisciplinary research with participation of sociology, psychology, cultural history, art history, musicology, theatrology and filmology, visual anthropology as well as ethnology. Within the frame of ethnology, the new specialization was named Bildlore or Bildforschung.
EN
The paper is intended to constitute a voice in a discussion about visual culture in general, and about selected methods of analysis and interpretation of visual materials in particular. In the first part of the article the author discusses the issues of changes in contemporary culture with emphasis on its visual aspects. In the second part, the author takes a closer look at two research methods, which can be used for discovering new areas of education, namely Kress and Leuven visual-verbal analysis method and Schratz and Steiner-Loffler photoevaluation method. The brief outline of a theoretical framework for research methodology on interpretation of visual materials by Gillian Rose closes the paper. Visual methods referred to in this article have strong theoretical roots in ethnography, especially visual ethnography, which is a reflective and subjective way to tell social stories by the use of pictures, accompanied or not by the text.
EN
The article attempts to present the identity of the judge through the metaphor of the role as an interactive ritual. The framework of this ritual can be described by means of both intersubjective factors (e.g. legal rules) and individual factors (the subjectivity of the role performer). I apply this conception to the iconic symbol of justice in public space, which is usually associated with the figure of a woman whose eyes are covered with a blindfold, holding the scales of justice in one hand and a sword in the other. It is a visual symbol of the judge; one that is comprehensible to both lawyers and the public. In carrying out this task, I refer to sociological and anthropological research in the field of visual culture. This perspective determines not only the subject matter covered by the theses formulated in the article but also the research method. It is assumed that visual representation constitutes a communication channel that has a great impact on individual and social memory. For this reason, the presentation of the role of the image and the methods of its interpretation is important for the debate about the role of the judge and the image of the judge in public space. This approach to the subject, which consists in shifting the emphasis from text to image, also rehabilitates the significance of visual representation in jurisprudence, a field traditionally dominated by the view that law is a linguistic phenomenon.
EN
The school forms the specific society, which creates a specific for student and teacher language, behaviours and products. They penetrate from the real world into the virtual world, constructing the peculiar virtual and visual culture. In the article the culture of this type was analysed, with reference to the person of teacher. Presented situations, based on films about teachers, placed in the Internet by students as well as based on press reports, illustrate the process of creating the culture seen in „a distorting mirror”.
EN
The main subject of the article is to show the changes that have taken place in the media, including the newspapers. The starting point is the title of the book by B. Poulet „La Fin des Journaux et l’avenir de l’information” („The End of Newspapers and the Future of Information”, 2011). This article presents the changes that have occurred in the printed newspaper, with special attention to the description of the components of the press release. The paper also focuses on the significance of the image and its interaction with the text and the issues associated with the return of iconic and visual culture. The traditional newspaper is compared with an electronic, on-line version of the newspaper in the context of presenting the information and its geneology. Furthermore, the paper shows the transformation of the information into infotainment.
EN
The dialectic of the impact of art and politics is based, among other things, on the fact that politics can be treated as a refined form of human thought and social activity (the art of politics) while art is interested in the political. Both these fields have the structure of a discourse. They use material and symbolical resources and in their domains there is a never-ending festival of distribution, reconfiguration and transformation of ideas (energy) into action or presentation. Political kitsch, just as kitsch in art, is about copying an effect which has been considered attractive. It is presented as a spontaneous act while in fact it is an imitation, performed according to a scenario. In art, kitsch is a result of copying others, it is associated with inauthenticity, whereas in politics it is also a manner of interpreting the events presented by the media. This is influenced by the logic of the media activity (simplified message, tabloidization, appealing to the audience’s emotions). In studying political kitsch it is worth referring to the methodology used in research into visual culture. A particularly significant question, and one which requires in-depth research, is whether politics is also judged through aesthetic categories, and whether such manner of its perception may contribute to withdrawal from civic activities. It is also worth considering the thesis whether currently the systems of representation are undergoing transformation, taking into account the various meanings of this word.
EN
The paper concerns the condition of selected aspects of American mythology in contemporary (from the 1960s till today) art and visual culture. Using specific examples and referring to theorists of American culture such as Sacvan Bercovitch, I argue that, despite varied strategies of appropriation and deconstructive critique of American ideals of freedom, equality and the country’s special role in the world, epitomized in the notion of American exceptionalism, the basic structure of the myth, due to its inextricable connection with American history, still persists as an important platform of action and a frame of reference. I analyze a selection of works referring to the Stars and Stripes, the Western film genre as well as the architecture of the post-9/11 World Trade Center, which both reveal the underlying structure of the myth, denaturalizing it, and a strong, continued attachment to it in the 20th and 21st century United States.
EN
Castlings in the margins: A change of perspective (Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster), Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 pages)Review of the scientific monograph “Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny” (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster) by Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk (Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 pages). Roszady na marginesach – zmiana perspektywy (Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny (The Art of Margins. The Croatian Political Poster), Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 ss.)Recenzja monografii naukowej „Sztuka marginesów. Chorwacki plakat polityczny” autorstwa Ewy Wróblewskiej-Trochimiuk (Warszawa–Kraków: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk – Libron, 2018, 324 ss.).
Praktyka Teoretyczna
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2014
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vol. 13
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issue 3
227-243
PL
This article focuses on the question of the involvement of contemporary artists in the public debate concerning boundary issues relating to migration and the treatment of immigrants. The aim of this essay is to take a closer look at some of their strategies for making the boundary issue more visible and their ability to draw our attention to the situation of excluded minorities, such as “clandestines” and refugees. The object of the study is, in particular, the way in which these artists address the question of the international migration process in the modern “open”, “ostensibly borderless” world, and the socio-political problems it generates. The effect of the border-crossing experience on the life of an immigrant, the image attached to him or her by the “host” society, as well as the artistic reflections on EU institutions and the hospitality of contemporary European societies are also included in the author’s analysis.
EN
Changes resulting from the development of the Internet have a significant impact on the shape of popular culture. Music, particularly the message that it conveys, constitutes an important element of culture. Music, which is a part of a wider cultural context, has a significant influence on the shaping of the world view of contemporary people and serves as an important element of its description. According to Jacek Bernasiewicz, music often becomes the building block of the young generation. “It is primarily about music, and particularly its content, that always served as a generational bond and carried ideology – rock music for flower children, punk rock for neglected children, rap music for hip hoppers…” (Bernasiewicz, 2009: 4). Music always carries a message and combined with a music video, it becomes a story. This paper and deliberations contained herein are devoted to the works of Mr D, also known as Dorota Masłowska, which is a mirage – on the one hand of pop culture, entertainment and fun, and on the other, a depiction of the contemporary Polish society, in which the Generation Y plays a major role. The aim of the paper is to show how the Internet, being a place where narratives about the world play out, using the convergence of media, contributes to the construction of a certain reality, the elements of which, emphasised by Dorota Masłowska and elevated above the everyday life of the global teenager “Made in Poland,” make up the determinants of contemporary youth culture. Music videos by Mr D. and the content of songs from the album Społeczeństwo jest niemiłe will serve as the subject of this analysis. The narrative appearing in these songs will be examined, and the broader context of the meanings contained in the songs in relation to the entirety of popular culture and the way of functioning of society in it will be pointed out. Dorota Masłowska’s songs are not narratives of the author herself, but of protagonists presented in her music videos: the girl presented in the music video undergoes a kind of metamorphosis, and the viewer looks at the world through the eyes of her imagination. The protagonists in her music videos and songs are representatives of certain social groups with specific, clear characteristics that allow them to be individually identified. I assume that lyrics of songs listened to and music videos watched by youth and young adults are among the most important ways of learning and participating in culture by giving meaning to oneself, one’s life and the world. A musical work that is an “immature form” of culture, making use of the wide range of possibilities available to it for conveying messages, full of symbols and metaphors, demands its recipients to read and discover the meaning.
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EN
The titular problem of Croatian political poster, regarded as an art of margins, is treated by the author, according to the order of chapters, in four main aspects: historical, aesthetic, socio-political, and cultural one. The development of poster art, correlated with national history in 19th and 20th century Croatia, is presented in the chapter “In the vapour of history”. In the next chapters some particular sections of the searching field are described. These sections are as follows: technique of montage of the pictures, modern iconoclastic practices, chaos vs. order, and the place (“From margin to centre”).
EN
From icon to punk portrait: The iconicity of the ruler image in the context of the transformation of the idea of the Serbian stateThe article describes transformation in the iconographic forms of power representations in Serbian culture as determinants of the evolution of the idea of the State and Serbian political culture. In visual terms, the key stages of their development correspond to the genealogical dynastic image of the religious character (loza) in the middle ages, and the “disenchanted” historical and representative portrait of a ruler that was subordinated to the national idea on the threshold of modernity. These forms not only participate in the establishment of political leadership and the creation of the field of power, but they also stimulate their change. The author examines these issues from the perspective of visual studies, which problematize the phenomenon of the performativity of the image. A particular variation of the performativity of the image is iconicity, understood as drafting and making present reality using esthetic and visual values. The aim of the analysis is to show how the local, namely Serbian, pattern of culture of power models the universal mechanisms of forming and legitimizing the authority of the State. Od ikony do punk portretu. Ikoniczność wizerunku władcy w kontekście przemian idei państwa serbskiegoArtykuł dotyczy przeobrażeń ikonograficznych form reprezentacji władzy w kulturze serbskiej jako wyznaczników ewolucji idei państwa oraz kultury politycznej Serbów. W wymiarze wizualnym kluczowym etapom ich rozwoju odpowiadają: w średniowieczu genealogiczny wizerunek dynastyczny o charakterze religijnym (loza), a u progu nowożytności „odczarowany” portret historyczny i reprezentacyjny władcy, podporządkowany idei narodowej. Formy te uczestniczą w stanowieniu przywództwa politycznego i wytwarzaniu pola władzy oraz stymulują ich zmianę. Autorka rozpatruje te zagadnienia z perspektywy visual studies, które problematyzują zjawisko performatywności obrazu. Jej szczególną odmianą jest ikoniczność, rozumiana jako stanowienie i uobecnianie rzeczywistości za pomocą wartości estetycznych, wizualnych. Celem analizy jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób lokalny, tj. serbski wzór kultury władzy modeluje uniwersalne mechanizmy formowania i legitymizacji autorytetu państwa.
EN
This article is devoted to poverty and wealth presented in fiction films - both cinema and television - directed in the times of the Polish People’s Republic. Poverty and wealth shown intentionally and unintentionally in these films manifest themselves in many ways. If we want to learn anything about wealth of the society shown in a given movie, a critical approach must be applied.
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Muzeum niepokorności

70%
PL
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