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Výzkum lingvální artikulace pomocí elektropalatografie na příkladu českých palatálních exploziv

100%
Skarnitzl R., Bartošová P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2013
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vol. 96
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issue 5
246-259
EN
The aim of the paper is to introduce electropalatography (EPG) as a method of investigating speech production to the Czech linguistic public. Its application was demonstrated on the Czech palatal plosives [c] and [J–]. The results show that the linguopalatal contact in these speech sounds is primarily coronal, with the blade of the tongue touching the front part of the artificial palate, as well as lateral, with the tongue dorsum touching the sides of the palate. Apart from revealing interesting idiosyncratic tendencies, the results also indicate different patterns depending on the voicing of the plosive.
2
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The pronunciation of voiced obstruents in L2 French: A preliminary study of Swiss German learners

100%
Schmid S.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2012
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vol. 48
627-659
EN
The present study examines how Swiss German learners cope with the contrast between voiced and unvoiced obstruents in L2 French. The feature [±voice]) is not exploited in Swiss German dialects, where pairs of obstruents sharing the same place and manner of articulation are basically differentiated in terms of longer or shorter duration (i.e., the feature [±tense]). Therefore, we expect that Swiss German learners of French would assimilate the non-native feature [±voice] to the native [±tense] contrast, due to the great similarity and the functional equivalence of the two features; devoicing is predicted to occur more often in universally preferred positions such as the prepausal context. The corpus consists of 20 sentences (containing 6 voiced obstruents in 6 different phonotactic contexts), which were read by 10 high school students. An acoustic analysis permitted to categorize the 340 tokens into three discrete types: fully voiced, fully unvoiced, partially voiced. Chi-square tests yielded significant effects of the factors "context", "segment" and "speaker" on the variable "voicing". In particular, speakers pronounced 58% of the intervocalic obstruents as fully voiced, whereas they devoiced 85% of the prepausal tokens (thus, revealing both L1-based and universally preferred patterns).
3
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Pre-fortis shortening in Czech English: A production and reaction-time study

100%
Skarnitzl R., Šturm P.
Research in Language
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2016
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vol. 14
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issue 1
1-14
EN
This study focuses on the production and perception of English words with a fortis vs. lenis obstruent in the syllable coda. The contrast is mostly cued by the duration of the preceding vowel, which is shorter before fortis than before lenis sounds in native speech. In the first experiment we analyzed the production of 10 Czech speakers of English and compared them to two native controls. The results showed that the Czech speakers did not sufficiently exploit duration to cue the identity of the word-final obstruent. In the second experiment we manipulated C and V durations in target words to transplant the native ratios onto the Czech-accented speech, enhancing the fortis–lenis contrast, and vice versa. 108 listeners took part in a word-monitoring task in which reaction times were measured. The hypothesized advantage to items in which the target word (with a fortis or lenis obstruent) was semantically congruent with the following context was not confirmed, and subsequent analyses showed that the words’ frequency of use and the collocations they enter into strongly affect speech processing and correlate to a large degree with the reaction times.
4
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Assimilation of Voicing in Czech Speakers of English: The Effect of the Degree of Accentedness

100%
Skarnitzl R., Šturm P.
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 2
199-208
EN
Czech and English are languages which differ with respect to the implementation of voicing. Unlike in English, there is a considerable agreement between phonological (systemic) and phonetic (actual) voicing in Czech, and, more importantly, the two languages have different strategies for the assimilation of voicing across the word boundary. The present study investigates the voicing in word-final obstruents in Czech speakers of English with the specific aim of ascertaining whether the degree of the speakers’ foreign accent correlates with the way they treat English obstruents in assimilatory contexts. L2 speakers, divided into three groups of varying accentedness, were examined employing categorization and a voicing profile method for establishing the presence/absence of voicing. The results suggest that speakers with a different degree of Czech accent do differ in their realization of voicing in the way predicted by a negative transfer of assimilatory habits from Czech.
5
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Assimilation of Voicing in Czech Speakers of English: The Effect of the Degree of Accentedness

100%
Skarnitzl R., Šturm P.
Research in Language
|
2014
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
199-208
EN
Czech and English are languages which differ with respect to the implementation of voicing. Unlike in English, there is a considerable agreement between phonological (systemic) and phonetic (actual) voicing in Czech, and, more importantly, the two languages have different strategies for the assimilation of voicing across the word boundary. The present study investigates the voicing in word-final obstruents in Czech speakers of English with the specific aim of ascertaining whether the degree of the speakers’ foreign accent correlates with the way they treat English obstruents in assimilatory contexts. L2 speakers, divided into three groups of varying accentedness, were examined employing categorization and a voicing profile method for establishing the presence/absence of voicing. The results suggest that speakers with a different degree of Czech accent do differ in their realization of voicing in the way predicted by a negative transfer of assimilatory habits from Czech.
6
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Анализа на моделите на адаптација на фонемата /v/ во современиот македонски говорен јазик

86%
Labroska V., Gerazov B.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2017
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vol. 66
15-26
EN
The paper presents an analysis of the voicing of the phoneme /v/ in modern spoken Macedonian. The phoneme /v/ in the standard Macedonian language is classified as a fricative, but some of its characteristics separate it from the other phonemes in this group. This is due to the fact that this phoneme was once a sonorant. In a part of the Macedonian dialects this phoneme is pronounced with marked voicing to this day. This phenomenon is then reflected in the pronunciation of standard Macedonian. Our analysis is based on a selected corpus of examples that have been spoken by speakers from various dialect origins, in order to assess the any differences in pronouncing of the phoneme /v/ when placed in different phoneme contexts in the word.
7
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Анализа на моделите на адаптација на фонемата /v/ во современиот македонски говорен јазик

86%
Лаброска В., Геразов Б.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2017
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issue LXVI
8

The Role of Exemplars and Lexical Frequency in Rendaku

72%
Sano S.-I.
Open Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 1
EN
This paper examines the relationship between lexical frequency and phonological processes, focusing on rendaku in Japanese. Recently, the effect of lexical frequency on linguistic processes, either direct or indirect, has been confirmed in a growing body of studies. However, little attention has been paid to the potential effect of lexical frequency on rendaku. With this background, I examined the effect of lexical frequency on the applicability of rendaku, and developed an analogy-based model by incorporating lexical frequency. The results demonstrate (i) that lexical frequency affects the applicability of rendaku, (ii) less frequent compounds follow the existing patterns that the exemplar offers, and (iii) that rendaku is psychologically real; in other words, rendaku is productively applied to innovative forms, and such an application can be accounted for by the current model.
9

Voicing of obstruents in Old Polish: An analysis of compensatory lengthening

58%
Wojciechowska E.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 11: Anglica
125-144
EN
In this paper it is suggested that in the ancestral stages of the system, Polish obstruents were characterized by the presence of an H element responsible for voicelessness instead of an L element, interpreted phonetically as full voicing, postulated for Present-day Polish and other Slavic systems. This claim is made on the basis of a CVCV analysis of Compensatory Lengthening—a process which affected the majority of the Slavic world in the period when particular Slavic languages were evolving from Common Slavic.
PL
Artykuł formułuje tezę, że w początkowych stadiach istnienia języka polskiego spółgłoski zwarte i zwarto-szczelinowe w tym systemie charakteryzowały się obecnością elementu H, odpowiedzialnego za bezdźwięczność, nie zaś elementu L, fonetycznie wyrażanego jako pełna dźwięczność we współczesnej polszczyźnie (i pozostałych językach słowiańskich). Propozycja ta jest oparta na analizie wzdłużenia zastępczego w modelu CVCV – procesu, który można zaobserwować w większości języków słowiańskich w momencie ich wyodrębniania się z języka pra-słowiańskiego.
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