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EN
The opinion refers to the legal problem of admissibility of holding remote Sejm sittings. Due to the epidemics of SAR-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-2 disease, the Standing Orders of the Sejm have been amended so as to enable holding Sejm, committee and subcommittee sittings with the use of electronic means of distance communication (Part IIIa of the Standing Orders of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland). New provisions are based on the so-called parallel modes model, which means that Deputies are free to make a choice to participate in the sittings in the debate hall or remotely. Deputies participating in the sitting in the debate hall and De- puties participating remotely have equal rights, particularly as regards taking the oor, submit- ting formal motions and voting. The model of the Sejm’s works included in the Constitution does not preclude such a formula of holding sittings. The requirement of Deputies’ “presence” during voting is ful lled not only in case of their physical presence, but also in case of voting via electronic means of distance communication.
EN
In the author’s view, active participation in the voting of Members staying outside the Sejm, both at plenary sittings and during the voting taking place at the meetings of Sejm committees, is impossible. The Act on the Exercise of the Mandate of a Deputy or Senator imposes on MPs an obligation to actively participate in the work of the Sejm and the implementation of this obligation requires their attendance at the place of such work.
Prawo
|
2017
|
issue 323
57-65
EN
This article covers the subject area of the local referendum under the Basic Law. In the plane of this dissertation are presented the terminological concept of the term in the etymology of the word as well as the statutory definition. In the second part of the article, the historical concept of shaping this institution has been normalized, both in the spheres of individual epochs and in the regulation of the so-called “Small Constitution” and the work of the National Committee for the Improve­ment of theConstitution. The referendum of the countries of Europe and the world has also been discussed, taking into account international and EU law. In the penultimate section of this article, there are raised issues of interpretation of Article 170 of the Basic Law with the regulation of special law, including the case law. At the final deduction stage, the statistics for the local referendum on 6 September 2015 were presented, showing the scope of the questions in question and the turnout of the voters in the referendum.
PL
Kodeks wyborczy stwarza wyborcom niepełnosprawnym różne możliwości udziału w wyborach powszechnych. Tym samym urealnia on konstytucyjnie przyznane również tej grupie wyborców czynne prawo wyborcze oraz daje gwarancje prawne zapewniające realizację zasady powszechności wyborów. Jedną z takich gwarancji jest funkcjonująca w Polsce od stosunkowo niedawna instytucja głosowania przez pełnomocnika. Autor podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie,czy wprowadzenie instytucji głosowania przez pełnomocnika zmniejszyło poziom przymusowej absencji osób niepełnosprawnych.
EN
The Election Code gives disabled voters various possibilities of participating in the general elections. By the same it puts into effect the constitutional right to vote given also to this group of voters and gives legal guarantees ensuring realisation of the rule of generality of elections. One of them is functioning in Poland institution of proxy voting. The author attempts to answer the question if adoption of the institution of voting by proxy reduced the level of the forced absence of people with disabilities?
5
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EN
Nowadays people, especially young people usually use several mobile devices in the same time. This means, that they can reach any information just in time, so they are not patient any more to listen to anything which is not interesting for them in the moment. What does it mean in the context of university life? Is it true that university talks are living their last hours? They are boring because only one person is speaking for 90 minutes and nothing else happens? Are they really unnecessary because everything is on the net somewhere? Can we change this kind of attitude somehow? How can we make the talks more interactive? Our personal student response system.
EN
In my paper I present the electoral transformation of the last three decades by considering the most important impulses and their effects. In doing so, I focus on a few essential elements that are considered to be decisive Hungarian and internationally in terms of both electoral science and election practice. Such are, among others, primarily the nomination system, internationalization of election, the electoral data protection or the evolution of electoral technology.
PL
W swoim artykule przedstawiam transformację wyborczą ostatnich trzech dekad, rozważając najważniejsze impulsy i ich skutki. Czyniąc to, skupię się na kilku istotnych elementach, które są uważane za decydujące w zakresie zarówno nauki o wyborach, jak i praktyki wyborczej na Węgrzech, jaki i na arenie międzyanrodowej. Są to między innymi:system nominacji, internacjonalizacja wyborów, ochrona danych wyborczych czy ewolucja technologii wyborczej.
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony ocenie efektywności strategii personalnych polskich partii politycznych w wyborach do Parlamentu Europejskiego w 2014 roku. Strategie personalne należy rozumieć, jako plan doboru kandydatów i odpowiedniego ich uszeregowania na listach wyborczych, co ma wpłynąć na uzyskanie zakładanego rezultatu wyborczego. W artykule uwaga autora została skoncentrowana na pięciu komitetach, które w przedmiotowej elekcji wprowadziły do Parlamentu Europejskiego swoich przedstawicieli. Ocena efektywności polegała na skonfrontowaniu ze sobą założeń strategii z rezultatami wyborczymi poszczególnych kandydatów poszczególnych komitetów. Strategie personalne stanowiły jeden z kilku czynników, który zaważył w tych wyborach na minimalnym zwycięstwie PO nad PiS. Miało to miejsce dlatego, że pierwsza z tych partii podeszła do procesu nominacji kandydatów na listy w sposób zdecydowanie bardziej marketingowy. W przypadku pozostałych komitetów zastosowane strategie kadrowe w niewielkim stopniu wpłynęły na ich rezultaty wyborcze. Jednakże uzasadnione jest przypuszczenie, że bez takiego podejście do realizacji funkcji selekcyjnej ich wynik wyborczy (zwłaszcza SLD-UP i PSL) byłby gorsze od uzyskanych.
EN
The aim of this article is to assess the effectiveness of personal strategies applied by Polish political parties during the election to the European Parliament in 2014. Personal strategies ought to be understood as conscious choice of candidates and their proper placement on electoral lists, which is supposed to influence the final result of the election. The article focuses on five committees whose representatives were chosen to become Members of the European Parliament. The assessment of the effectiveness was performed by the confrontation of the strategy assumption and the results of given candidates. Personal strategies made one of several factors that decided of the minimal victory of Civil Platform over Law and Justice. This was due to the fact that the former party took advantage of certain political marketing activities. As regards the remaining committees, the personal strategies they applied had little impact on the election results. However, it is reasonable to claim that without any strategies at all, their results would have been worse, particularly in case of Democratic Left Alliance – Labor Union and Polish People's Party.
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