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EN
This article provides an analysis of the scope of individual parliamentary accountability of persons holding more than one Government post. According to the author, the scope of responsibility to Parliament arising from holding separate posts by the same person at the same time should also be treated separately. It is, therefore, possible to pass a vote of no confidence on a particular politician relating not only to both, but also to one of the posts held by him/her. There are no obstacles that could prevent politician who is president of the Council of Ministers and at the same time holds another post in Government from being held individually responsible before Parliament. However, this responsibility will be limited to that additional office, as currently the Constitution excludes the vote of no confidence on the head of government.
EN
The judgment of the Constitutional Court of 22 June 2017 in case United Democratic Movement v. President of the National Assembly refers to the possibility of admitting a secret vote on a motion for a vote of no confi dence in the President. Despite the lack of an explicit constitutional foundation, the Constitutional Court confi rmed the right of the President of the National Assembly to choose between an open and a secret vote. Nonetheless, the opposing values shall thereby be considered, such as the voters’ right to information on the scope of exercising the mandate by their representatives and the representatives’ right to vote in accordance with their conscience, free from pressure of not only the voters, but mainly the political party which they are members of.
EN
The article treats about the political responsibility of the Council of Ministers in Polish People’s Republic. Due to the constitution of July 22nd, 1952 the government was responsible to the Sejm. Changes of ministers could be done also by Council of the State, but only at the request of the prime minister. The vote of parliament had only formal importance, because the real personal decisions were made by the leaders of The Polish United Workers’ Party. The constitutional position of Sejm became stronger in the last years of PRL. The dismissal of Zbigniew Messner’s government took place as the result of the parliamentary opposition to this government, so it can be considered as the real vote of no confidence. The author describes also the constitutional custom, not based on the norms of the constitution, which ordered to the prime minister to declare the dismissal of his government after the parliamentary elections, during the first session of new-elected Sejm. Usually it didn’t mean important changes in the Coucil of Ministers, which was still led by the same person as the prime minister.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest odpowiedzialność polityczna Rady Ministrów w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Zgodnie z konstytucją z 22 lipca 1952 r. rząd odpowiadał przed Sejmem, a na wniosek premiera zmiany w jego składzie mogły być również dokonywane przez Radę Państwa. Autor dokonał analizy wszystkich przypadków odwołania premiera oraz rządu przez Sejm PRL, poszukując odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy w jakimkolwiek stopniu wydarzenia te były podobne do wotum nieufności funkcjonującego w państwach demokratycznych. W Polsce Ludowej zmiany w składzie rządu – co do zasady – dokonywane były przez Sejm, a jedynie wyjątkowo przez Radę Państwa. Głosowanie w parlamencie miało znaczenie jedynie formalne, a rzeczywiste decyzje personalne podejmowane były przez kierownictwo PZPR. Pozycja Sejmu stała się silniejsza w ostatnich latach PRL. Dymisja rządu Zbigniewa Messnera w 1988 r. nastąpiła w wyniku parlamentarnej krytyki, może być więc uznana za typowe wotum nieufności. Autor omawia także obowiązujący w PRL zwyczaj konstytucyjny, zgodnie z którym, mimo że nie nakazywała tego konstytucja, na pierwszym po wyborach posiedzeniu Sejmu premier zgłaszał dymisję rządu. Zazwyczaj nie dochodziło wówczas do istotnych zmian w składzie Rady Ministrów, którą powoływano pod kierownictwem tego samego polityka.
EN
The first Sejm of the Renascent Republic of Poland — the Legislative Sejm — performed not only the legislative function, but also other systemic functions: oversight over the executive, creative function and the function of the guardian of Deputies’ immunity. In order to perform those functions, the chamber applied various detailed parliamentary procedures — variants of the so-called motion proceedings. The sources of law of these procedures contained norms rudimentarily included in the Small Constitution of 20 February 1919 and principally, in the Standing Orders of the Sejm, although there predominated legal-customary norms, partially implemented from Western European parliamentarism, and partially established domestically, on the basis of parliamentary practice. The majority of extra-legislative procedures and proceedings commenced on their basis, were those within the oversight function of the Sejm (including proceedings related to government investments, interpellations and proceedings involving investigative committees), and further, proceedings related to immunity, including mostly proceedings in matters to express the chamber’s consent to waive a Deputy’s immunity and interventions related to infringement of a Deputy’s immunity by organs of administration. The proceedings established by the Legislative Sejm in relation to immunity proceedings, in the scope of bringing Deputies to extra-immunity accountability, applied eight times before the intra-chamber peer courts — Marshal’s Court and Court of Honour — were an originality in all of the European parliamentarism of the time.
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