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Impact of a priori positive information on the results of voting methods

100%
Sosnowska H., Ramsza M., Zawiślak P.
Przegląd Statystyczny
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2022
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vol. 69
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issue 4
29-40
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the results of experiments relating to voting methods based on the bounded rationality theory. The research demonstrated that a positive nudge changes the voting results. The study focused on three methods of voting: the Borda Count method, the Condorcet winner method and the anti-manipulation method. In a laboratory experiment, the subjects were asked to select the best musician. They were to manipulate their voting so that a predetermined winner is chosen. In the first voting, the subjects did not receive any a priori information, while in the second voting, some a priori information was provided, i.e. the true, objective ranking of the musicians. What followed was another voting. It was initially assumed that the participants would manipulate their voting the same way as in the first voting. The results, however, were different. The obtained second ranking of musicians was closest to the true, objective ranking, thus proving that the manipulation effect was neutralised by the a priori positive information about the true, objective order.
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Pomiar wzrostu i rozwoju gospodarczego w krajach UE – zastosowanie metod oceny grupowej

38%
Roszko-Wójtowicz E. M., Białek J.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2017
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vol. 3
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issue 329
EN
Voting methods allow to create a synthetic (global) rank of analyzed objects basing on ranks coming from independent experts. The aim of the paper is ordering of the EU member countries according to their level of economic development. The self‑developed rating takes as a starting point well‑known in the literature international indices. We consider ranks based on the following indices: i.e. Global Innovation Index, Global Creativity Index, Global Competitiveness Index, Summary Innovation Index, Innovation Output Indicator. Selected synthetic measures were classified into four groups: innovativeness, competitiveness, entrepreneurship and knowledge. Borda’s and Dodgson’s grouping methods are applied for a creation of a synthetic (global) rank. All calculations are made in the original computer program. Conducted analysis confirms that synthetic (global) rank is closer to assessment of the overall level of socio‑economic development rather that simple economic growth. Achieved results show strong correlation between synthetic (global) rank and selected international indices. Simultaneously, there is a significant discrepancy between synthetic (global) rank and countries or­dering according to GDP per capita.
PL
Metody oceny grupowej pozwalają na utworzenie syntetycznego (wypadkowego) rankingu analizowanych obiektów na bazie dostępnych już rankingów pochodzących od niezależnych ekspertów. Celem pracy jest uporządkowanie krajów członkowskich UE ze względu na poziom rozwoju gospodarczego na podstawie opracowanego rankingu wypadkowego, powstałego z popularnych w literaturze przedmiotu indeksów międzynarodowych. Zakwalifikowane do analizy mierniki syntetyczne podzielono na cztery grupy, tj. innowacyjność, konkurencyjność, wiedza, przedsiębiorczość. W pracy uwzględniono rankingi opracowane na bazie indeksów: Global Innovation Index, Global Creativity Index, Global Competitiveness Index, Summary Innovation Index, Innovation Output Indicator. Do analizy zastosowano metodę Bordy i Dodgsona. Obliczeń dokonano za pomocą autorskiego programu komputerowego. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że zaproponowany ranking wypadkowy służy bardziej ocenie ogólnie pojętego rozwoju w wymiarze społeczno‑ekonomicznym niż jedynie wzrostu gospodarczego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na silną korelację między rankingami wypadkowymi a wybranymi indeksami sumarycznymi. Jednocześnie występują znaczne rozbieżności między rankingami wypadkowymi a porządkowaniem krajów zgodnie z wartościami PKB per capita.
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