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EN
Milan Kundera poetics is based on a “world of the romantic fiction built on the personal speech of the narrator” (M. Chvatík). Nevertheless, it enters in contradiction with some essays of Kundera himself, who centers on the figure of the storyteller, active figure of the narrative “from Rabelais to Laurence Sterne” (“Speech of Jerusalem”, resumed in The Art of the Novel). Kundera seems to give for task to the modern narrator to resuscitate an atavistic, pre-rational genius, chairing in instinctual desire to tell. Thus there is a contradiction between the ambition of recovery of the lively word — the voice of the storyteller — by the modern novel, and the actual practice of the story adopted by Kundera. This article tries to describe this paradox through one of these mythical categories approached in a recurring way by Kundera: that of laughter.
EN
This study analyzes narrative techniques, self-reflexive features and elements of composition in three published novels for adults by Anna Blažíčková: Woodbine, Now Something from Life, and Waiting in the Crowd. Picking up on the use of real names and events in Woodbine and Now Something from Life, reviews tend to emphasize the autobiographical dimension of these works. This study aims to present a new perspective, focusing on Anna Blažíčková’s work as a whole, thus revealing the full repertoire of elements and practices featured in the texts, as well as the self-contained world of her prose in which the sentient subject is inscribed.
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EN
This article reflects on the innovations that can be noted in Neruda’s prose and which anticipate subsequent developmental phases (e.g. naturalism and symbolism). Neruda’s short stories are a combination of factual realism and authorial stylization, characteristic of what is known as the physiological sketch. The proto-naturalistic elements can be considered to be based on Neruda’s preoccupation with somewhat abnormal characters, handicapped physically or socially, a new image of eroticism, emphasizing the sexual motivations of human behaviour, an interest in the “insulted and humiliated” and Flaubert’s concept of the literary image as a sketch of “environment and passion”. As a rule, the autobiographical narrating “I” occupies the position of observer and witness for Neruda, and this “autobiographicism” effectively functions as a guarantee of the authenticity - the truthfulness, the “realism” - of what is narrated. At the same time, this “I” fully controls the narrative situation, and Neruda’s narrative mode is thus one of the most original variants of European Shandyism.
EN
The article examines the prosaic works of Ladislav Dvořák (1920–1983), specifically the collection of short stories entitled Šavle meče. It analyses the construction of Dvořák’s texts with regard to their significant aspect, the connection between reality and the world depicted in the narrative. It argues against the approach that take the stories as a source for study of the author’s biography and reverse the relation, thus the author’s life is merely a basic material for constructing the literary universe. The analysis is based on the theories of Přemysl Blažíček and Milan Jankovič, who treat the specifics of creating meaning in literature. With the help of the concept of ‘objectivity’, adapted for literary interpretation, the role of facts, description and narrator in the text is explored. The study concludes that the meaning in the short stories of Ladislav Dvořák is created mainly by situatedness of the narrator, whose goal is to mediate his own life experience in the process of its formation and its indefiniteness.
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