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EN
This study focuses on the time politics involved in applying for a residence permit in the Czech Republic, with a focus on non-European Union (EU) applicants. It examines how governmentality and state superiority are represented and performed within the bureaucratic procedure of the application process. Based on the results, I argue that the application process bureaucracy is tied to time politics - practices that govern others through time. The paper is based on research realised in Brno, the second-largest city in the Czech Republic, and uses qualitative, ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with immigrants from non-EU countries who applied for a long-term residence permit. The paper examines time politics within this process, highlighting its unpredictability, disrupted temporal linearity and chrononormativity. In this context, the respondents describe the waiting period as a moment of being in between - temporally, spatially and socially. Therefore, I argue that the time politics experienced throughout the application process significantly influences the lives of applicants. The interviews revealed that the applicants were caught in a liminal position with an uncertain ending, exemplified by the impossibility of moving (temporally, spatially and socially) - a feeling often described as stuckedness. Consequently, this time politics and the temporal inequality and disadvantages experienced during the process contribute to exclusion from mainstream Czech society and produce structural invisibility.
EN
The global expansion of deportation regimes has spurred an analogous expansion of migrant detention. Arguably even more than the onerous punitive power of deportation, detention imposes the sovereign power of a state on the lives of non-citizens in a manner that transmutes their status into de facto legal non-personhood. That is to say, with detention, the condition of deportable migrants culminates in summary (and sometimes indefinite) incarceration on the basis of little more than their sheer existential predicament as ‘undesirable’ non-citizens, often with little or no recourse to any form of legal remedy or appeal and frequently no semblance to due process. Castigated to a station outside the law, their detention leaves them at the mercy of the caprices of authorities. The author argues that to adequately comprehend the productivity of this power to detain migrants, we must have recourse to a concept of detainability, that is, the possibility of being detained. The paper situates the analysis of immigration detention in the framework of contemporary critical theory, interrogating the economy of different conditionalities and contingencies that undergird various degrees by which distinct categories of migrants are subjected to detention power.
EN
Garden and melancholy have been analysed by Alicja Kuczyńska from the standpoint of Renaissance Neoplatonism. I try to work out a common denominator for them, and attempt to compare Renaissance and Romantic melancholy—in the garden space. I see a positive moment in the notions developed by Kuczyńska, namely in that melancholy, as an expectation, acquires a positive dimension, approaching hope.
EN
This article investigates Pirandello’s adhesion to the Italian Fascist Party by examining articles, interviews, letters, and essays with the aim of shedding light on the political dimension of this choice, so frequently mitigated by the critics, and of showing its relations to the author’s concept of life. Finally, by taking a close look at leading themes in the novel Il fu Mattia Pascal, the article raises the questions: To what extent is this text permeated with ideological elements? In what ways, similarly, does it transmit a view of the world that would connect Pirandello’s thinking to ideas that were mainstream in the society of his time.
EN
* The original article "Echi della letteratura italiana nell’ opera «Ill senso religioso» di don Luigi Giussani" was published in Roczniki Pedagogiczne, vol. 15, no. 1 (2023), pp. 155-168. This article analyses a less studied aspect of Don Luigi Giussani’s work, his style of writing and the method of analysis of the texts that the author knows and mentions in his works. Fr Giussani cannot be considered a literary critic, but his profound culture leads him to seek all those aspects of the literary work that he feels close to his own experience, and which best respond testify to the desires and fears of every man. Therefore, the contribution speaks of a meeting with the authors mentioned. The text mainly refers to the work The Religious Sense, while for the poets who are remembered, reference is made above all to Italian writers. We intend to make a comparison between what are some judgments expressed on the authors cited by modern and contemporary criticism in comparison with what Don Giussani affirms about these authors. In the text, an attempt has been made where possible to go back to the original texts.
PL
* Artykuł oryginalny w języku włoskim pt. „Echi della letteratura italiana nell’ opera «Ill senso religioso» di don Luigi Giussani” został opublikowany w Rocznikach Pedagogicznych 15(51) 2023, nr 1, s. 155-168 Niniejszy artykuł analizuje mniej zbadany aspekt twórczości księdza Luigiego Giussaniego, jego styl pisarski, a także metodę analizy tekstów, które autor zna i wspomina w swoich pracach. Ksiądz Giussani nie może być uważany za krytyka literackiego, ale jego głęboka kultura skłania go do poszukiwania tych wszystkich aspektów dzieła literackiego, które są bliskie jego własnemu doświadczeniu i najlepiej odpowiadają na pragnienia i lęki każdego człowieka. Dlatego w tekście mowa jest o spotkaniu z wymienionymi autorami. Tekst odnosi się przede wszystkim do Zmysłu religijnego, natomiast jeśli chodzi o przywołanych poetów nawiązuje się zwłaszcza do pisarzy włoskich. Naszym zamiarem było dokonanie porównania między niektórymi osądami wyrażanymi na temat autorów cytowanych przez nowoczesną i współczesną krytykę z tym, co ksiądz Giussani stwierdza o tych autorach. W tekście sięgnięto do oryginalnych tekstów tam, gdzie było to możliwe.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł analizuje mniej zbadany aspekt twórczości księdza Luigiego Giussaniego, jego styl pisarski, a także metodę analizy tekstów, które autor zna i wspomina w swoich pracach. Ksiądz Giussani nie może być uważany za krytyka literackiego, ale jego głęboka kultura skłania go do poszukiwania tych wszystkich aspektów dzieła literackiego, które są bliskie jego własnemu doświadczeniu i najlepiej odpowiadają na pragnienia i lęki każdego człowieka. Dlatego w tekście mowa jest o spotkaniu z wymienionymi autorami. Tekst odnosi się przede wszystkim do Zmysłu religijnego, natomiast jeśli chodzi o przywołanych poetów nawiązuje się zwłaszcza do pisarzy włoskich. Naszym zamiarem było dokonanie porównania między niektórymi osądami wyrażanymi na temat autorów cytowanych przez nowoczesną i współczesną krytykę z tym, co ksiądz Giussani stwierdza o tych autorach. W tekście sięgnięto do oryginalnych tekstów tam, gdzie było to możliwe.
EN
This article analyses a less studied aspect of Don Luigi Giussani’s work, his style of writing and the method of analysis of the texts that the author knows and mentions in his works. Fr Giussani cannot be considered a literary critic, but his profound culture leads him to seek all those aspects of the literary work that he feels close to his own experience, and which best respond testify to the desires and fears of every man. Therefore, the contribution speaks of a meeting with the authors mentioned. The text mainly refers to the work The Religious Sense, while for the poets who are remembered, reference is made above all to Italian writers. We intend to make a comparison between what are some judgments expressed on the authors cited by modern and contemporary criticism in comparison with what Don Giussani affirms about these authors. In the text, an attempt has been made where possible to go back to the original texts.
IT
Si analizza nel presente articolo un aspetto meno studiato dell’opera di Don Luigi Giussani, il suo stile di scrittura e anche il metodo di analisi dei testi che l’autore conosce e cita nelle proprie opere. Don Giussani non può essere considerato un critico letterario ma la sua profonda cultura lo porta a cercare tutti quegli aspetti dell’opera letteraria che egli sente vicino alla propria esperienza e che meglio rispondono testimoniano i desideri e le paure do ogni uomo. Per questo nel contributo si parla di incontro con gli autori ricordati. Nel testo si fa riferimento principalmente all’opera Il senso religioso, mentre per i poeti che vengono ricordati si fa riferimento soprattutto agli scrittori italiani. Si intende svolgere un paragone fra quelli che son alcuni giudizi espressi sugli autori citati dalla critica moderna e contemporanea a confronto con quanto afferma Don Giussani su questi autori. Nel testo si è cercato dove possibile di risalire ai testi originali
PL
Szkic podejmuje problem genezy w Czekając na Godota Samuela Becketta. W pierwszej części ukazano genezę w sensie formalnym. Wymieniono w niej czynniki, które wpłynęły na powstanie tragikomedii. Są to: aspekt biograficzny, związany z pobytem Becketta w czasie II wojny światowej na południu Francji oraz inspiracje kulturowe (filozoficzne, religijne i literackie). Fascynacja autora frazą z Wyznań Świętego Augustyna wpłynęła na płaszczyznę formalną utworu. Beckett zrealizował w nim ideę jedności formy i treści. W dalszej części szkicu poruszono problem genezy rodzaju ludzkiego. Człowiek, od zarania dziejów samotny, dążył do odmiany losu. Wytworzył Rozum, Intelekt i rozpoczął dialog niwelujący samotność oraz rozpacz. Ten zabieg nie przyniósł spodziewanych efektów, dlatego też zrodziła się idea istoty transcendentnej wobec niego. Od tego momentu człowiek czeka na nią i na odmianę swego losu.
EN
This sketch focuses on the problem of genesis as it figures in the play Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett. The first part presents the notion of genesis in formal terms, listing the factors that had an influence on the emergence of the tragicomic in Beckett. These consist of a biographical aspect relating to his stay in the south of France during the Second World War, and some cultural inspirations of a philosophical, religious and literary sort. Beckett’s fascination with a phrase deriving from the Confessions of Saint Augustine influenced the work from the point of view of its formal concerns, and acting under its influence, he sought to create a unity of form and content. In the next part of the sketch, the issue of the genesis of mankind is raised. Humankind, afflicted by loneliness since the dawn of time, has sought to reverse this fate — by conceiving Reason and Intellect, and by starting a dialogue aimed at eliminating that very loneliness and despair. Yet this did not bring the expected results, so in response the idea of a transcendent being was created. Ever since that moment, humanity has found itself waiting for the latter to appear, and for the reversal of its fate that this was supposed to bring.
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