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Water scarcity: regional analyses in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018

100%
Hejduková P., Kureková L.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 1
161-181
EN
Research background: Water is a scarce natural resource essential for life and also many economic activities. Scarcity of drinking water is a problem that is ad-dressed at national and international levels. Global water demand continues to rise, but the quantity and quality of water resources is declining in many regions. Recent surveys of the population of the Czech Republic show that the most serious global problems are waste accumulation, water pollution, lack of drinking water and air pollution. Average temperatures continue to rise across Europe due to climate change and water is expected to become increasingly scarce in many areas. An adequate supply of good-quality water is a pre-requisite for economic and social development, and thus it is necessary to learn to save water and better manage our available resources in this area. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study was to investigate to what degree environmental problems - especially the issue of drinking water scarcity - have been evaluated in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2018 and whether the fear of a lack of drinking water has motivated water conservation. Methods: A regional analysis of water availability in the Czech Republic and the possible causes of water scarcity has been carried out. Subsequently, selected socio-economic factors that could have an impact on the assessment of drinking water scarcity are analyzed using Gamma and Kendall's Tau and logistic regression. The analyzed time period is from 2014 to 2018. Microdata was taken from the Centre for Research of Public Opinion, and selected regional-level statistics from the Czech Statistical Office have been added to this data to supplement it. Findings & Value added: The perception of drinking water shortages is not only influenced by indicators representing the volume and price of water in each region, but can also be determined by other socio-economic factors such as income, gender, age and education.
2
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Water scarcity, mountain deforestation and the economic value of water in a small-scale irrigation system: A case study in East Java, Indonesia

88%
Budiman S. A., Rondhi M., Khasan A. F., Peratama B., Rokhani R., Suwandari A., Ridjal J. A., Soemarno S., PriJono S., Soedarto S.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2021
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vol. 40
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issue 2
153-166
EN
The purpose of this study was to identify the willingness of farmers to pay for small-scale irrigation (SSI) and its determinants. Additionally, this study analysed the physical water availability in the study area using 16 years’ (2004-2019) historical data of streamflow, rainfall and forest cover change. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 100 farmers. A contingent valuation method was employed to elicit farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for irrigation water. The results show that the average WTP of farmers is US$ 215.84/ha/year. It accounts for 20% of farm revenue and is almost 20 times the water fee in large-scale irrigation systems. The study area experienced significant deforestation in the last two decades suffering a decrease of 11.72% of forest cover. It decreases the amount of stored rainwater and decreases the streamflow causing water scarcity during the dry season. Farm size, farmer income, distance to a small dam and usage of water-pump are the significant determinants. The results indicate that water scarcity caused by poor infrastructure increases the economic value of water in a SSI system.
3
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A questão hídrica no semiárido baiano: conflitos pelo uso da água e as tecnologias sociais de aproveitamento de água de chuva

63%
Ribeiro C. S., Oliveira G. G. d.
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
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2019
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issue 23
355-381
EN
More than 66% of the territory of the State of Bahia is situated in the semi-arid climate zone. In this region, rainfall is irregular and most of the population depends on animal husbandry and agriculture to survive. Water scarcity coupled with the fragility of the water resource management system generates a series of conflicts over the use of water in the state. Rainwater storage presents itself as one of the solutions to the problem of water scarcity, allowing coexistence with drought. The present work aims to identify the existence of social technologies for the use of rainwater in the Salitre River Basin, in the semi-arid region of Bahia, as mitigation measures for the effects of drought. Data from the Brazilian Semiarid Articulation (ASA), the National Semi-Arid Institute (INSA) and the Ministry of Social Development (MDS) were used through the SIG-CIS-TERNAS system. The results showed that the main social technologies for the utilization of rainwater used in the Salitre River Basin are mainly focused on agricultural production and the watering of animals.
ES
O estado da Bahia possui mais de 66% do seu território dentro de uma área de clima semiárido. Nessa região, a ocorrência de chuvas é irregular e a maioria da população depende da criação de animais e da agricultura para sobreviver. A escassez hídrica aliada à fragilidade do sistema de gestão de recursos hídricos gera uma série de conflitos pelo uso da água no estado. A captação de água pluvial se apresenta como uma das soluções ao problema de escassez de água, permitindo a convivência com a seca. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a existência de tecnologias sociais de aproveitamento da água de chuva implantadas na Bacia do Rio Salitre, no semiárido baiano, como medidas de mitigação dos efeitos da seca. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da Articulação Semiárido Brasileiro (ASA), do Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA) e do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS) através do sistema SIG-CISTERNAS. Os resultados apontaram que as principais tecnologias sociais de aproveitamento de água de chuva utilizadas na Bacia do Rio Salitre são voltadas, principalmente, para a produção agrícola e a dessedentação de animais.
4
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Konflikt wokół zapory Rogun jako przykład sporów o zasoby wodne w Azji Centralnej

51%
Filkowska P.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
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2022
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issue 4(35)
101-114
RU
Дефицит воды – область споров между многими государствами. Как правило, эти конфликты возникают в результате конкуренции за водные ресурсы. Они особенно заметны в слаборазвитых регионах, таких как Африка или Ближний Восток. Центральная Азия, где расположены пять республик, образовавшихся после распада СССР, также является конфликтогенной территорией. Примером такого конфликта является строительство Рогунской ГЭС на реке Вахш в Таджикистане. Проект вызвал много споров, а дальнейшее строительство подогрело ситуацию еще больше. Цель статьи – представить конфликт, связанный с Рогунской ГЭС на реке Вахш в Таджикистане, как пример конфликта из-за водных ресурсов. В статье представлены истоки и суть спора, а также попытки разрешения конфликта.
EN
Water scarcity is an area of disputes between many states. Generally, these conflicts occur as a result of competition for water resources. They are especially visible in underdeveloped regions, such as Africa or the Middle East. Central Asia, the five republics established after the collapse of the USSR, is also an area exposed to conflicts. An example of such conflict can be the construction of the Rogun dam on Vakhsh river in Tajikistan. The project caused a lot of controversy and further construction fueled them even more. The aim of the paper is to present the conflict over the Rogun dam on the Vakhsh river in Tajikistan as an example of a conflict over water resources in Central Asia. The article presents the genesis and essence of the dispute, as well as attempts to resolve the conflict.
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