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EN
The focus of the article is a discussion of numerous press publications on the development of the situation of the Jewish population in Germany under Hitler’s administration in the second half of the 1930s. The analyzed material includes articles, reports, columns and press notes that appeared in “Prosto z mostu”, a weekly published in Warsaw until 1935 (nominally it was a literary-artistic periodical but in fact its profile was mainly political). “Prosto z mostu” was undoubtedly one of the most interesting journals released in Poland in the last interwar years. The weekly was closely connected with the milieu of the so called national youth, which in the second decade of Poland’s independence significantly increased its activity and social influence. The editor-in-chief of “Prosto z mostu” was Stanisław Piasecki and among its journalists were leading young politicians and ideologists of a broadly understood national camp, including Jan Mosdorf and Wojciech Wasiutyński, as well as representatives of a much older generation such as Aleksander Świętochowski and Adolf Nowaczyński.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest wizerunek Europy przedstawiany na łamach ukraińskiego tygodnika “Zerkalo nedeli”. Celem analizy jest wyjaśnienia natury i perspektyw zmian w wizerunku Europy w nowoczesnych mediach, co jest uzasadnione faktem, iż czynnik Europejski jest ważnym kierunkiem w kontekście przemian społeczeństwa ukraińskiego. W pracy analizowano pod względem ilościowym 14 wydań tygodnika – w okresie od 20 września do 20 grudnia 2013 r. (uwzględniono 38 publikacji poświęconych tematyce europejskiej).
EN
Due to the fact that the European vector acts as a promising direction for the transformation of Ukrainian society, this study aims to clarify the nature and prospects for such changes. The media, in this case, are the most suitable object of study given their functional concept of integration and social interaction in the formation of a civil society. For the analysis 14 issues of the newspaper Zerkalo nedeli from 20 September to 20 December were selected, to explore the image of Europe in the current conditions of transition, as well as specific changes in the work and the views of the newspaper. The analysis is quantitative in nature. 38 publications devoted to European topics were identified and analysed. In order to form an objective sample, publications were selected according to the category specified in the Internet-version of the publication.
EN
Originally, working time regulations were intended to increase the level of safety in the process of work. As a result, working time regulations were relatively stable and rigid. The traditional organization of working time turned out to be inadequate for circumstances in which work is performed. Over recent decades working time regulations have been profoundly flexiblized. This result has been achieved thanks to various legal instruments such as the extension of daily working time, longer reference periods for weekly working hours or more flexible schedules of working time (e.g. banks or accounts of working hours). However, the flexibilization of working time must confront with numerous limitations. First of all, they arise from fundamental rights and international standards as well as from the standards determined by the European Union. Important criteria of assessment are also European strategies such as work-life balance or life long learning. Finally the question of the paradigm of the employment relationship must be answered. The actual position of the parties thereto does not justify the significant change in the division of risk connected with employment.
EN
Originally, working time regulations were intended to increase the level of safety in the process of work. As a result, working time regulations were relatively stable and rigid. The traditional organization of working time turned out to be inadequate for circumstances in which work is performed. Over recent decades working time regulations have been profoundly flexiblized. This result has been achieved thanks to various legal instruments such as the extension of daily working time, longer reference periods for weekly working hours or more flexible schedules of working time (e.g. banks or accounts of working hours). However, the flexibilization of working time must confront with numerous limitations. First of all, they arise from fundamental rights and international standards as well as from the standards determined by the European Union. Important criteria of assessment are also European strategies such as work-life balance or life long learning. Finally the question of the paradigm of the employment relationship must be answered. The actual position of the parties thereto does not justify the significant change in the division of risk connected with employment.
EN
The subject of the article are the covers of weeklies: Polityka, Przekro´j and Wprost. The aim of the philological analysis was to determine the applied marketing-oriented linguistic measures and compare the thematic content selection. The contents of the covers are deemed the most expressive medially and with the most marketing appeal. They are characterized by conciseness, persuasiveness and the presence of word games.
EN
This sketch is devoted to the concept of nationalism and its semantic profiling in dictionaries and contemporary Polish journalism. In lexicographic definitions, nationalism is treated as a neutral or negatively marked term. Only one – a political dictionary from the twenties of the twentieth century treats it as a positively marked concept. However its author was an activist from the National Democratic Party. In the newest Polish journalism, nationalism is mainly an anti-value. Such semantic components as hostility and aggression to strangers, spreading fear, referencing the totalitarian regime, and faking other social attitudes are mentioned. Neutral uses of the nationalism lexeme are rare, and treating it as a value based on love of the motherland is too incidental to be considered a clear trend in public discourse.
PL
Tekst został poświęcony pojęciu nacjonalizmu oraz jego semantycznemu profilowaniu w słownikach i najnowszej publicystyce. Leksykografowie definiują nacjonalizm jako termin neutralny lub wartościujący ujemnie. Eksplikacja zawierająca pozytywną ocenę pojawia się wyłącznie w słowniku politologicznym z okresu międzywojennego, którego autor był działaczem endeckim. We współczesnych tygodnikach opinii dominuje traktowanie nacjonalizmu jako antywartości – publicyści przypisują mu takie cechy jak wrogość i agresja w stosunku do przedstawicieli innych narodów, posługiwanie się strachem, bliski związek z totalitaryzmem oraz nieuczciwe podszywanie się pod inne postawy społeczne. Użycia neutralne leksemu nacjonalizm są znacznie rzadsze, z kolei traktowanie pojęcia jako pozytywnej wartości opartej na miłości do ojczyzny zbyt incydentalne, by można je uznać za wyraźną tendencję w dyskursie publicznym.
EN
The aim of the paper is an analysis of the content of Polish opinion-forming weekly magazines in order to find the answer to the following question: ‘On the basis of what facts the journalists relate to the Russian, Ukrainian and Turkish identity with regard to the scope of the notion of the European identity?’ The author also wanted to find out what, according to the journalists, is the background of that discussion and what is its interpretation paradigm. To reconstruct the story about the identity measures, the author made use of selected press materials. A discourse analysis was applied consisting in recreation and description of three national identity types redefining one another, in weekly magazines, with reference to the European identity, preserving at the same time a uniform character of the source materials. Owing to the text formal limitations, the analysis of the press issues was subordinated to certain generalization, maintaining, however, the research integrity and due diligence.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza semiologiczna tekstu Alfabet leminga autorstwa Roberta Mazurka, opublikowanego 9 lipca 2012 roku w tygodniku „Uważam Rze”. Analiza została przeprowadzona z uwzględnieniem teorii semiologii mediów stworzonej przez Rolanda Barthesa i opublikowanej w pracy Mitologie. Celem opracowania jest krytyczne zaprezentowanie zastosowania metody Barthesa, umiejscowienie jej w teorii badania mediów oraz ocena jej przydatności dla dalszych badań tekstów medialnych.
EN
The goal of the paper is to analyse the text Alfabet leminga by Robert Mazurek which was published on 9 July 2012 in the Polish weekly “Uważam Rze”. The study draws on Roland Barthes’ media semiology originated in the book Mythologies. The paper aims at testing Barthes’ method in critical way critically; the goal is also to place it in the media science theory and to evaluate its usefulness for the further research.
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