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Skuteczne ocenianie gramatyki: od tradycyjnych testów do zadań komunikacyjnych

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Pawlak M.
Neofilolog
|
2019
|
issue 53/2
315-328
XX
Irrespective of the educational level, grammar is typically tested in a very traditional manner by means of such tasks as multiple choice, gap filling, paraphrasing or translation. The problem with this manner of evaluation is that it mainly taps into learners’ explicit, declarative knowledge that can only be applied when sufficient time is available. In addition, these tasks primarily focus on form, simultaneously ignoring the semantic and pragmatic aspects of grammatical knowledge. The article argues that such traditional tests should be complemented by what is referred to as productive and receptive focused communication tasks (Ellis, 2003), which necessitate the use of a specific grammar structure or at least are designed in such a way that such use is conducive to the attainment of the communicative goal. The application of such tasks allows insights into the implicit, or at least highly automatized, knowledge of the targeted structures (Ellis, 2009; DeKeyser, 2010) as well as shedding light on their form, meaning and use (Larsen-Freeman, 2003). It is suggested that their use not only enhances the validity of testing grammar but can also have a beneficial effect on the ways in which grammar is taught and learned.
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Wiedza eksplicytna i implicytna w nabywaniu kompetencji gramatycznej w procesie przyswajania języka drugiego

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Niestorowicz T.
Logopedia
|
2018
|
vol. 47
|
issue 1
171-180
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę scharakteryzowania roli wiedzy eksplicytnej i implicytnej w nabywaniu kompetencji gramatycznej w języku obcym. W opinii badaczy termin „wiedza eksplicytna” implikuje świadomą i możliwą do zwerbalizowania wiedzę, natomiast „wiedza implicytna” wykorzystywana jest przez osobę uczącą się języka obcego w sposób automatyczny i nieświadomy. W niniejszym artykule sformułowane zostały również wnioski dotyczące funkcjonowania wiedzy eksplicytnej i implicytnej w procesie przyswajania języka drugiego.
EN
This article discusses the role of explicit and implicit knowledge in acquiring grammatical competence in a second language. A number of researchers claim that the term “explicit knowledge” implies a kind of knowledge which is conscious and possible to verbalise, while “implicit knowledge” is automatically and unconsciously applied by a second language learner. Finally, some conclusions are formulated on the functioning of explicit and implicit knowledge in the process of second language acquisition.
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