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1

Działalność Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi w województwie wileńskim w latach 1930-1935

100%

Łukasiewicz S.

In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką

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2016

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vol. 10

143-158

EN

The purpose of this paper is to explain the activities of the Communist Party of Western Belarus in the Vilnius Voivodeship during the first half of the 1930s. The author’s aim is to show the organization of communists, party platform, as well as practical side of the operations of CPWB and the actions of polish authorities taken towards subversive organization. Another purpose of author is to specify exceptional ethnic and religious mosaic of Vilnius region. The communist party tried to exploit various social and ethnic tensions, which was particularly easy during years of the Great Depression. Nevertheless, against projects of party activists, feelings of most of the regions inhabitants did not radicalize. It was effect of active policy of local authorities, which through constant invigilation and harsh repressions systematically undermined position of the communist movement.

2

"Dżentelmen zalet ducha i ciała". Męskie anonse towarzyskie i matrymonialne zamieszczane w latach 1930–1932 w czasopiśmie „Fortuna Versal”

84%

Wotlińska A.

Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

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2020

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vol. 108

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issue 1

183-198

EN

The author analyses personal ads, including offers of marriage, published in Fortuna Versal during the Great Depression. The magazine proves to be a particular source of knowledge about average people whose everyday life changed dramatically in that period and who sometimes made desperate attempts to improve their situation. Not much is known about Fortuna Versal itself. According to its editorial note, it was published in Poland, the United States and France, and was distributed by bookshops, newsstands, etc. It published personal ads of both men and women. This article focuses on the former who, as it turns out, were often interested in finding not so much love but a solution to their economic and housing problems. The content of these short texts was dictated by the intentions and needs of their authors, reflecting their male self-image. It was influenced by the economic recession that also affected Poles, causing unemployment and radical decline in quality of life. Analysing the content and phrasing used, the article emphasises the unique character of the ads. They are a true product of their economic and financial times, where romanticism gives way to pragmatism, cold calculation and a strong need to improve one’s standard of living. Men adopt a practical approach towards themselves, their potential partner/spouse and living together. Those interested in marriage, or rather benefits related to it, employ a number of strategies. Most of them are direct, clearly stating that they need cash to start a business, buy a car or pay for a trip to Africa. Some men resort to writing sentimental and heart-breaking stories from their lives, hoping to find a well-off woman who could give them financial stability. However, those that look like typical ‘buy and sell’ ads seem to prevail.

3

Unemployment as a real threat to the national security of the USA in the years of the Great Depression: a historical retrospective

84%

Serohina N.

Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2020

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issue 5

147-165

EN

Based on the methodology of public administration, a retrospective analysis of US national security during the Great Depression was conducted, which is considered in the context of ensuring institutional stability against the background of new geopolitical challenges and threats. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of unemployment on the US national security during the Great Depression in terms of economic growth and social security. The interrelation between increasing employment productivity and positive opportunities for economic recovery in the United States has been established through the application of the systemic method. The factors of the Great Depression have been identified, the most important of which are: the collapse of the US stock market, lack of social protection mechanisms, and the widespread trend of investing in stocks and securities by companies and individuals. It is stated that the effects of the Great Depression as a whole presented serious challenges and posed a real threat to US national security, territorial integrity and sovereignty. It is indicated that the unprecedented level of unemployment and the spread of underemployment resulted in widespread impoverishment of Americans.

PL

Oparta na metodologii administracji publicznej analiza wsteczna stanu bezpieczeństwa narodowego USA w okresie Wielkiego Kryzysu rozważana jest w kontekście zapewnienia stabilności instytucjonalnej na tle nowych wyzwań i zagrożeń geopolitycznych. Udowodniono teoretyczne i praktyczne znaczenie wyników badań aspektów historycznych zatrudnienia, bezrobocia w okresie Wielkiego Kryzysu, na które istnieje zapotrzebowanie w obecnych realiach bezpieczeństwa narodowego i wzrostu gwarancje społecznych. Celem artykułu jest próba przedstawienia wpływu bezrobocia na bezpieczeństwo narodowe USA pod względem wzrostu gospodarczego i zabezpieczenia społecznego w okresie Wielkiego Kryzysu. Twierdzi się, że jako całość skutki Wielkiego Kryzysu stanowiły poważne wyzwania i realne zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa narodowego, integralności terytorialnej i suwerenności państwowej Stanów Zjednoczonych. Należy zauważyć, że bezprecedensowy poziom bezrobocia doprowadził do masowego zubożenia Amerykanów.

4

U progu dymisji. Wojewoda poleski Jan Krahelski wobec sytuacji na Polesiu w 1932 r.

67%

Cichoracki P., Dufrat J.

Studia Białorutenistyczne

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2020

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vol. 14

EN

In the Second Polish Republic, the culmination point of the huge economic crisis called the Great Depression occurred in 1932. The crisis affected particularly inhabitants of villages, including those dominated by national minorities in eastern provinces. One such region was Polesia. The aim of this text is to answer the question of how the situation of economic collapse was addressed by representatives of the state administration system, one of whom was Jan Krahelski – the Head of the Polesia Province in 1926–1932. At the end of his period in office, he often expressed his views on the condition of the province and the desirable means that could have reduced the consequences of the crisis. The text is based on archival materials acquired from archives of Poland, Belarus, and Russia. Krahelski was an advocate of moderate nationality policy. He refrained from the Polonisation of national minorities and tried not to escalate political repressions almost until the end of his period in office as Head of the province. The radicalisation of social moods combined with the deepening economic collapse forced him to revise his opinion about the methods of ensuring internal security. The analysis of the source materials, for which an important point of reference is also an armed rebellion that occurred on the borderland of the Kashirsky County [the Polesia Province] and the Kovel County [the Volhynia Province], suggests that administrative bodies in the eastern provinces could properly diagnose the general condition of the territory entrusted to them, but at the same time, they did not fully recognise its sources; therefore, they may have been surprised with the collapse of the order.

PL

Na 1932 r. przypadło w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej apogeum tzw. wielkiego kryzysu gospodarczego. Odbił się on zwłaszcza na położeniu mieszkańców wsi, także tej zdominowanej przez mniejszości narodowe w województwach wschodnich. Jednym z takich regionów było Polesie. Tekst poświęcony jest odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak w sytuacji załamania ekonomicznego reagowali przedstawiciele administracji państwowej, której przedstawicielem był również Jan Krahelski – wojewoda poleski w latach 1926–1932. Pod koniec okresu sprawowania urzędu niejednokrotnie artykułował on swoje poglądy na temat stanu województwa i pożądanych środków, które powinny zneutralizować skutki kryzysu. Tekst oparty jest o materiał archiwalny pozyskany z archiwów Polski, Białorusi i Rosji. Krahelski był zwolennikiem umiarkowanej polityki narodowościowej. Odżegnywał się od polonizacji mniejszości narodowych i niemal do końca sprawowania stanowiska wojewody starał się nie eskalować represji politycznych. Radykalizacja nastrojów społecznych związana z pogłębiającym się załamaniem ekonomicznym zmusiła go do rewizji stanowiska w kwestii metod zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. Analiza materiału źródłowego, dla której ważnym punktem odniesienia jest również wystąpienie zbrojne do jakiego doszło w lecie 1932 r. na pograniczu powiatu koszyrskiego (województwo poleskie) i kowelskiego (województwo wołyńskie), wskazuje, że administracja w województwach wschodnich mogła właściwie diagnozować ogólny stan powierzonego jej terytorium, ale jednocześnie niedoskonale rozpoznać jego źródła, w efekcie czego mogła zostać zaskoczona załamaniem porządku.

RU

На 1932 г. прыйшоўся ў II Рэчы Паспалітай апагей т.зв. вялікага эканамічнага крызісу. Гэта паўплывала на становішча жыхароў вёсак, у тым ліку ва ўсходніх ваяводствах, дзе пераважалі нацыянальныя меншасці. Адным з такіх рэгіёнаў было Палессе. Артыкул прысвечаны адказу на пытанне, як рэагавалі прадстаўнікі дзяржаўнага кіравання на сітуацыю эканамічнага крызісу, у тым ліку Ян Крагельскі – ваявода Палесся ў 1926–1932 гадах. У апошнія гады выканання паўнамоцтваў ён неаднаразова выказваў свае погляды на стан ваяводства і неабходныя меры, якія павінны нейтралізаваць наступствы крызісу. Тэкст заснаваны на архіўных матэрыялах, знойдзеных у архівах Польшчы, Беларусі і Расіі. Крагельскі быў прыхільнікам умеранай нацыянальнай палітыкі. Ён адмовіўся ад паланізацыі нацыянальных меншасцей і спрабаваў не ўзмацняць палітычныя рэпрэсіі да канца свайго тэрміну на пасадзе ваяводы. Радыкалізацыя настрояў у грамадстве, звязаная з паглыбленнем эканамічнага крызісу, прымусіла яго перагледзець сваю пазіцыю адносна метадаў забеспячэння ўнутранай бяспекі. Важным пунктам для вывучэння зыходнага матэрыялу з'яўляецца ўзброенае паўстанне, якое адбылося летам 1932 г. на мяжы Кошырскага павета [Палескага ваяводства] і Ковельскага павета [Валынскага ваяводства]. Праведзены аналіз паказвае, што адміністрацыя ўсходніх ваяводстваў магла правільна ацаніць агульны стан падуладнай ёй тэрыторыі, але ў той жа час не магла дакладна распазнаць яго прычыны, у выніку чаго была захоплена знянацку парушэннем парадку.

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Architektka, projektantka, inwentaryzatorka i urzędniczka. Aktywność zawodowa Gizelli Gryczyńskiej w latach 1932–1939

51%

Lasek P.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2022

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vol. 84

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issue 4

981-1006

EN

The aim of the article is to supplement the biography of Gizella Gryczyńska, until 1936 Margulies, a Polish architect of Jewish origin. An analysis of archival sources and materials from the Collections of Photographs and Survey Drawings held at the Institute of Art of the Polish Academy of Sciences has made it possible to present her activity in the field of inventorying historical monuments. The article describes Gizella Gryczyńska's participation in the inventory-taking action conducted in the years 1933–1934 in Kazimierz Dolny under the aegis of the Society for the Protection of the Monuments of the Past in the framework of the governmental Labour Fund. At the same time, search queries conducted in the State Archive in Kielce and in the Student Records Division of the Warsaw University of Technology revealed a number of hitherto unknown source materials that shed new light on Gryczyńska's professional activity and personal life after the year 1936. Thus, it has been possible to present her achievements in a new perspective, taking under consideration the economic and social context of the era.

PL

Celem artykułu jest uzupełnienie biografii Gizelli Gryczyńskiej (do 1936 r. używającej panieńskiego nazwiska Margulies) - polskiej architektki pochodzenia żydowskiego. Analiza źródeł archiwalnych oraz materiałów zgromadzonych w Zbiorach Fotografii i Rysunków Pomiarowych Instytutu Sztuki PAN umożliwiła zaprezentowanie aktywności Gizelli Gryczyńskiej na polu inwentaryzacji zabytków. W artykule omówiono jej udział w akcji inwentaryzacyjnej w Kazimierzu Dolnym, prowadzonej w latach 1933–1934 pod egidą Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości w ramach rządowego Funduszu Pracy. Jednoczenie dzięki kwerendom w Archiwum Państwowym w Kielcach oraz Dziale Ewidencji Studentów Politechniki Warszawskiej udało się ujawnić szereg nieznanych dotąd materiałów źródłowych, rzucających nowe światło na działalność zawodową i życie osobiste Gizelli Gryczyńskiej po 1936 r., a tym samym ukazać dorobek życiowy bohaterki artykułu w odmiennej perspektywie, z uwzględnieniem kontekstu ekonomicznego i społecznego tamtych czasów.

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1 Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

1 In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką

1 Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka

1 Studia Białorutenistyczne

1 Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

1 2022

3 2020

1 2016

1 Cichoracki P.

1 Dufrat J.

1 Lasek P.

1 Serohina N.

1 Wotlińska A.

1 Łukasiewicz S.

Działalność Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi w województwie wileńskim w latach 1930-1935

"Dżentelmen zalet ducha i ciała". Męskie anonse towarzyskie i matrymonialne zamieszczane w latach 1930–1932 w czasopiśmie „Fortuna Versal”

Unemployment as a real threat to the national security of the USA in the years of the Great Depression: a historical retrospective

U progu dymisji. Wojewoda poleski Jan Krahelski wobec sytuacji na Polesiu w 1932 r.

Architektka, projektantka, inwentaryzatorka i urzędniczka. Aktywność zawodowa Gizelli Gryczyńskiej w latach 1932–1939