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Światowit
|
2017
|
vol. 56(1)
137-145
EN
In October 2012, the Conservation Laboratory of the Institute of Archaeology at the NCU in Toruń received soil samples excavated from a kurgan in Grudna, Złotów commune, dated to the Roman period. No human remains were reported inside the grave chamber apart from some elements of grave goods: a glass bead, a clay spindle whorl, three iron nails, fragments of a bone pin, bronze and iron chest fittings, and a bronze vessel with a stamp of Pubius Cipius Polybius, who was active around the first half of the 1st century AD. In result of a cleaning treatment removing all soil impurities, tiny textile fragments were obtained, which were, interestingly, made of woollen fibres in sprang technique, while some of them imitated gauze (known in later periods) but were manufactured in a plain 1/1 weave. Technological analysis of the fibres revealed their high quality with average fibre thickness ranging from 8 to 18 μm. Insufficient material base for these textiles in Poland does not give a convincing answer to a basic question of whether it was an import or local production. Studies on the subject performed by European researchers, most notably J. Maik, indicate local or North European production. Hopefully, more light will be shed on this problem by further comparative studies.
PL
W ramach pracy przeprowadzono badania wełny trzech polskich ras owiec. W czasie badań zbadano morfologię powierzchni włókien oraz wyznaczono ich podstawowe parametry fizyczne: długość, średnicę i wytrzymałość. Badania morfologii powierzchni przeprowadzono dla włókien pranych i niepranych z zastosowaniem skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego. W czasie badań stwierdzono, że włókna surowe pokryte są znaczną ilością tłuszczopotu. Po usunięciu tłuszczopotu na powierzchni włókien widoczne są dobrze zachowane łuski. Włókna wszystkich trzech ras są krótkie i grube, charakteryzują się dużym zróżnicowaniem długości i grubości, i posiadają niską wytrzymałość i dużą elastyczność.
EN
The wool of three Polish sheep breeds was investigated. Basic physical properties of fibres: length, diameter and strength were determined and surface morphology using scanning electron microscope were studied. It was stated that raw fibres are coated by significant quantity of a grease. After removing of the grease on the fibres surface fine scales are observed. For all three breeds the fibres are short and thick. The fibres length and thickness is characterized by significant diversity. The fibres exhibit low strength and high elasticity.
3
58%
EN
The study deals with the development of the economic relations between Prague and Nuremberg in the first half of the 16th century analysed in the light of the legal documents which affected the bilateral trade (privileges, the Prague–Nuremberg treaty, hosting rights). At the same time, it provides information on the major buyers and on the networks of their customersupplier relations, the assortment of goods and the specific trade practices (factoring, consignment sales, loans).
EN
The Polish word fala ‘wave’ (from germ. Welle),which derives from *vľ̥nˈa ‘wave’ and another word wełna ‘wool’ < ps. *vˈľ̥na ‘wool’sounded very similar in the past. But they come from different roots: *u̯l̥h3- ‘strong stricke, hit’ (: *u̯elh3-/*u̯olh3-) and *Hu̯l̻h2- ‘pick out, fleece, wool’ (: *Hu̯elh2-/*Hu̯olh2-). In Polish onomastics pie. root *u̯l̥h3- (:*Hu̯elh2- /*Hu̯olh2-) meanings ‘wave, wet fields’ prevailed.
EN
The aim of the article is better understanding of the Hours concerning the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary. Following motives from the books of Joshua and Judges were taken into consideration: The light from Gabaon (Joshua 10, 10–13), Gedeon’s fleece (Judges 6, 36–40), Samson’s honeycomb (Judges 14, 1–11). After the discussion of the above mentioned three texts we may ascertain that the author of Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary with accurate aim refers the texts to the Most Holy Virgin Mary. Mary is the light from Gabaon, which showed people that he, whose mother she is, will make a salvation, the real victory that had been expected since Adam and Eve’s times. Moreover, she is the fleece of Gedeon because God made her a wonderful exception as among people only she was not stained by a sin. Furthermore, she is Samson’s honeycomb as inside her the one who is our Savior and our best food was born.
EN
One of the para liturgical services that exist in the church life is “Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary”. Therefore, still actual problem is the question of biblical pictures understanding that appear in the service. The test of their explanation has not only a theoretical character but also a practical and a priestly one. The aim of the article is to cause better contents understanding of “Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary”, to emphasize their biblical variety. Following motives from the books of Joshua and Judges were taken into consideration:1. The light from Gabaon (Joshua 10,10-13)2. Gedeon’s fleece (Judges 6,36-40)3. Samson’s honey slice (Judges 14,1-11).After the discussion of the above mentioned three texts we may ascertain that the author of “Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary” with accurate aim refers the texts to the Most Holy Virgin Mary. Mary is “The light from Gabaon”, it showed people that he, whose mother she is, will make a salvation, the real victory that had been expected since Adam and Eve’s times.Moreover she is “The fleece of Gedeon” because God made her a wonderful exception as among people only she was not stained by a sin. Furthermore she is the slice of honey as inside her the one who is our Saviour and our best food was born.The analysis of these biblical texts let us to see the enormous theological variety of “Hours about the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary”. It makes possible to catch an interesting interpretation of Mary’s biblical pictures that seem to be very useful in a priest practice.
PL
Jednym z nabożeństw paraliturgicznych obecnym w życiu Kościoła są „Godzinki o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny”. W związku z tym wciąż aktualnym problemem pozostaje kwestia rozumienia zawartych w tym nabożeństwie obrazów biblijnych. Wydaje się, że są one nieczytelne dla współczesnego człowieka. Z tych też względów próba ich wyjaśnienia ma charakter nie tylko teoretyczny, ale i praktyczny – duszpasterski.Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie treści „Godzinek”, podkreślenie ich biblijnego bogactwa. W tym przedłożeniu ograniczono się do omówienia trzech motywów: (1) światło z Gabaon (Joz 10,10-13); (2) runo Gedeona (Sdz 6,36-40); (3) plaster miodu Samsona (Sdz 14,1-11). Po ich analizie można stwierdzić, że autor „Godzinek” trafnie odniósł te bogate w przesłanie teksty biblijne do Najświętszej Maryi Panny. Maryja jest „światłem z Gabaon”, które wskazywało ludziom, że Ten, którego Ona jest Matką, dokona zbawienia, prawdziwego zwycięstwa oczekiwanego od czasów Adama i Ewy. Maryja jest „runem Gedeona”, bo Bóg dokonał w Niej cudownego wyjątku –– spośród wszystkich ludzi tylko Ona nie została splamiona grzechem. Maryja jest „plastrem miodu”, gdyż z Niej narodził się Ten, który jest naszym najlepszym pokarmem, który jest naszym Zbawicielem.Analiza tekstów Joz 10,10-13; Sdz 6,36-40; Sdz 14,1-11 pozwoliła dostrzec wielkie bogactwo teologiczne „Godzinek”, a także dała możliwość ciekawej interpretacji mariologicznej opisanych w nich wydarzeń biblijnych. Ma to szczególne znaczenie w praktyce duszpasterskiej.
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