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PL
The aim of the article is to analyse the so-called words of the year used in the Czech public discourse in the years of 2006–2014. In the Czech Republic this event takes the form of a plebiscite conducted among readers of “Lidové noviny” newpaper. The words selected in the Czech contest Words of the Year have a different character than their Polish counterparts. It seems that they were chosen mainly to the attractive context in which they were used, which is related to the profile of people voting for them. An average reader of “Lidové nowiny” newspaper is more often driven by attractiveness of the meaning of the lexeme, context, in which it is used, less often its form, unless it evokes specific associations. A great number of these words are quotes from politicians, relating to internal affairs. From the lexicological point of view, lexical neologisms prevail among the Czech set of words of the year. Among them one can distinguish word formation neologisms (rychlostudent), semantic neologisms (šibal, odklonit, viróza) and borrowings (blob, pussy, fotovoltaika). Other words are native or foreign words used in texts adapted to the Czech language (metanol, poplatky) a long time ago.
Stylistyka
|
2018
|
vol. 27
291-319
EN
The word refugees was chosen the word of the year 2015 in many European countries (in Poland, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, France and Russia). This word as well as other candidates were at that time – in the truest sense of the word – on everyone’s lips. They were literally hitting the headlines. No surprise. Millions of people, mainly from the Middle East and North Africa, who wanted to be let in, were knocking at the gates of Europe. In the media discourse this phenomenon was called ‘crisis’ (the refugee crisis, the migration crisis). This article aims to analyse the language profiling of the phenomenon itself and the people it referred to both in Polish and German press, i.e. the refugees, at the beginning of the crisis, that is in the summer of 2015.
PL
The article analyses the notion of a keyword. Keywords of the public discourse are chosen on the basis of questionnaires, plebiscites or on the basis of usage frequency in newspapers. Both methods have been applied in the project of the University of Warsaw. Words of the day are statistically the most popular words appearing in daily newspapers. The words of the year are chosen by a jury of linguists from among proposals submitted by participants of the internet plebiscite announced on university websites. The article presents Polish words of the years from 2011, with the word of the year 2015 uchodźca ‘refugee’ (words with the same meaning have been chosen in many countries). The main question posed in this paper is whether ‘word of the year’ polls can shed light on the permanently valid keywords of national culture (as they are defined by Anna Wierzbicka, Jerzy Bartmiński or Walery Pisarek), or instead reflect one-off occurrences in the short-term story of current social events.
EN
I discuss the linguistic consequences of the current pandemic, such as the emergence of new words and/or an increase in the frequency of use of some pre-existing words, and issues linked to communication. The paper refers to the Polish, Bulgarian and Czech languages. A frequentative approach is applied. Although the outlined linguistic processes are global in nature, several key aspects differentiate the three chosen languages in terms of frequency (including the occurrence of words and functions of speech). The linguistic data was gathered using online resources, including: The National Corpus of Polish, the Czech National Corpus, the Bulgarian National Corpus, the Polish-Bulgarian-Russian parallel Corpus (co-authored by the author of this paper), popular word browsers (frazeo.pl, slowanaczasie) and digital dictionaries (miejski.pl), journalism and information programs, and some of the most recent academic literature.
PL
Przedmiotem uwagi są szybko następujące, podczas pandemii, konsekwencje językowe – leksykalne (nowe słowa, zwielokrotniona częstotliwość użycia istniejących słów) i komunikacyjne, stanowiące dla językoznawców ciekawą podstawę badań współczesnych języków, z których trzy: polski, bułgarski, czeski stały się fundamentem analizy i badań frekwencyjnych. Mimo, że omawiane procesy językowe mają charakter globalny, to tendencje leksykalne w poszczególnych językach, jak i funkcje mowy, realizowane są w różny sposób, z heterogenicznym natężeniem, dlatego warto przyjrzeć im się bliżej. Prezentowany w artykule materiał został wyekscerpowany z dostępnych w sieci i na bieżąco notujących jednostki języka źródeł. Były nimi korpusy językowe: Narodowy korpus języka polskiego, Bułgarski narodowy korpus, Czeski narodowy korpus, autorski Polsko-bułgarsko-rosyjski korpus równoległy, którego autorka artykułu jest współautorką i przeglądarki typu: frazeo.pl czy slowanaczasie oraz słowniki elektroniczne, np.: miejski.pl. Pomocne stały się polskie, bułgarskie i czeskie programy publicystyczne i informacyjne, a także najmłodsza, choć nieliczna, literatura naukowa.
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