Search results

1

French Learners of L2 English: Intonation Boundaries and the Marking of Lexical Stress

100%

Horgues C.

Research in Language

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 1

41-56

EN

In English, prosodic parameters play a major role at two main levels. First, they indicate the intonation at the level of the utterance by marking the distinction between sentence types (statements vs questions) and they are related - although more or less directly- to the informational and grammatical structures of the utterance. Secondly, prosodic cues also contribute to marking the stress pattern at the level of the word (word stress or lexical stress). Even if it is useful to dissociate these two levels theoretically, when looking at their phonetic implementation in an utterance, it soon appears that the exact same prosodic cues are used (namely fundamental frequency, duration, and intensity). Contrary to what happens in tone languages, there is no pre-set prosodic configuration attached to each word in English. Yet, words in discourse retain a relative accentual independence even though the exact prosodic implementation of word stress depends on the specific intonational context expressed in a given utterance (Pierrehumbert, 1980). In French, stress pertains to the level of the group of words rather than to the individual word, which has no real accentual autonomy. Therefore, it is not surprising that French learners of English are faced with a major challenge: how to ensure the marking of lexical stress while, at the same time, using the same prosodic cues to indicate the intonational structure of the utterance. My hypothesis is that some intonational contexts impose a bigger constraint on French learners of English than others. These particularly challenging contexts are the final position at the boundary of non-final clause, or the boundary of a rising interrogative. Other contexts, like the quotation form or the final position of a statement, are less challenging for the intonational marking of lexical stress. To test my hypothesis, I collected passages of read speech by thirteen upper intermediate/advanced French learners of English along with the same passage read by ten native English speakers. Two trisyllabics carrying primary stress on the second syllable (com'puter, pro'tection) were placed in a series of intonational contexts under observation. The test-words were then extracted and submitted to native English listeners. The perceptual results show that the predicted ‘challenging’ contexts indeed caused substantial instability in the learners’ placement of lexical stress as perceived by native English listeners.

2

French Learners of L2 English: Intonation Boundaries and the Marking of Lexical Stress

100%

Horgues C.

Research in Language

|

2013

|

vol. 11

|

issue 1

41-56

EN

In English, prosodic parameters play a major role at two main levels. First, they indicate the intonation at the level of the utterance by marking the distinction between sentence types (statements vs questions) and they are related – although more or less directly- to the informational and grammatical structures of the utterance. Secondly, prosodic cues also contribute to marking the stress pattern at the level of the word (word stress or lexical stress). Even if it is useful to dissociate these two levels theoretically, when looking at their phonetic implementation in an utterance, it soon appears that the exact same prosodic cues are used (namely fundamental frequency, duration, and intensity). Contrary to what happens in tone languages, there is no pre-set prosodic configuration attached to each word in English. Yet, words in discourse retain a relative accentual independence even though the exact prosodic implementation of word stress depends on the specific intonational context expressed in a given utterance (Pierrehumbert, 1980). In French, stress pertains to the level of the group of words rather than to the individual word, which has no real accentual autonomy. Therefore, it is not surprising that French learners of English are faced with a major challenge: how to ensure the marking of lexical stress while, at the same time, using the same prosodic cues to indicate the intonational structure of the utterance. My hypothesis is that some intonational contexts impose a bigger constraint on French learners of English than others. These particularly challenging contexts are the final position at the boundary of non-final clause, or the boundary of a rising interrogative. Other contexts, like the quotation form or the final position of a statement, are less challenging for the intonational marking of lexical stress. To test my hypothesis, I collected passages of read speech by thirteen upper intermediate/advanced French learners of English along with the same passage read by ten native English speakers. Two trisyllabics carrying primary stress on the second syllable (com㆐puter, pro㆐tection) were placed in a series of intonational contexts under observation. The test-words were then extracted and submitted to native English listeners. The perceptual results show that the predicted ‘challenging’ contexts indeed caused substantial instability in the learners’ placement of lexical stress as perceived by native English listeners.

3

Wortakzentfehler vermeiden, aber wie – zu der Automatisierung der richtigen Akzentposition im Deutschen unter polnischen Germanistikstudenten

100%

Żytyńska M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica

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2022

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issue 16

67-79

EN

The article deals with the recurrent incorrect accent position in the German words articulated by Polish learners, whether when reading aloud or speaking. This seems all the more serious because incorrect word accent (as well as incorrect sentence accentuation) can contribute to communication problems or even misunderstandings. The main problem here is the frequency of the errors, which are always corrected, but without success. The article is meant as a postulate to work out efficient automation methods.

4

Глагольное ударение в конце XX-го – начале XXI-го веков: характеристика изменений

100%

Вох (Woch) И. J., Лодзинский университет Kафедра языкознания Института русистики (Польша)

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2012

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vol. 08

EN

The aim of the present paper is to discuss the problem of Russian word stress evolution within verb forms, which has been observed for the last twenty five years. There are certain groups of verbs, in which the word stress changes its place and this process can be caused by different tendencies (intralinguistic and extralinguistic). The stress variants can be observed in the monosyllabic verbs such as дать, пить, the short forms of participles or in the past tense forms. To show the changes in accentuation, the author of the article compares two orthoepic dictionaries, published at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century.

5

English Word Stress in Polish Learners’ Speech Production and Metacompetence

100%

Porzuczek A., Rojczyk A.

Research in Language

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 4

313-323

EN

This paper focuses on the relations between conscious and subconscious aspects of English word stress acquisition. Using two tasks – reading and written word stress identification, we test metacompetence and production accuracy in the pronunciation of Polish learners, first year and third year English studies majors. The analysis of the collected data and correlations between the students’ metalinguistic knowledge and production accuracy, including error patterns and proportions, leads to conclusions concerning the significance of language awareness, learning experience and, indirectly, explicit didactic instruction for English word stress realization. Our results indicate that Polish learners tend to stress the word-initial syllable rather than the penult, typical of their native language. We have also observed a generally large, though smaller in more proficient learners, discrepancy between metacompetence and performance.

6

Developing a Pronunciation Computer Program for the Acquisition of English Phonemes and Word Stress

100%

Hong J.-N., Yang J. H.

Research in Language

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 4

325-352

EN

This study devised a pronunciation computer program to examine whether mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) could facilitate college students’ acquisition of English phonemes and word stress. Thirty-eight participants enrolled in the remedial English class offered at the language center of a national technological university in central Taiwan. Before the class, they were asked to read a word list. In the following six weeks, they were taught to distinguish and articulate English phonemes and to predict word stress locations using the designed computer program. They were also instructed to review the learning materials using the smart-phone version of the devised program. After the teaching session, each participant was asked again to read the same word list and fill out an assessment questionnaire. The sound analyses show that their readings of English minimal pairs and word stress placement were more accurate than their performances before the instruction. Their responses to the questionnaire indicate that both the given instruction and the designed computer program were satisfactory. In the open-ended questions, some of them said that they have built up a better understanding of phonemes and word stress, and that they would try to predict polysyllabic word stress when reading English articles. The present findings can be further applied to research on MALL-based English pronunciation acquisition.

7

Акцентные изменения в современном русском языке (на материале анкетных данных)

75%

Woch J.

Przegląd Rusycystyczny

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2020

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vol. 172

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issue 4

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ustalenie stopnia aktywności wybranych tendencji akcentowych w mowie rodzimych użytkowników języka. W pracy wykorzystana została metoda ankietowania. Uczestnikami badania byli studenci wydziału filologicznego oraz matematyczno-fizycznego Smoleńskiego oraz Brzeskiego Uniwersytetu Państwowego. Analiza danych wykazała, iż badane tendencje akcentowe są aktywne we wszystkich grupach ankietowanych, przy czym w różnym stopniu. Najmniejszy stopień aktywności tendencje akcentowe wykazują w grupie rosyjskich studentów wydziału filologicznego, najwyższy – w grupie białoruskich studentów wydziału matematyczno-fizycznego. Nie zaobserwowano podobieństw w akcentuacji między ankietowanymi filologami z Rosji i Białorusi.

EN

The main aim of this paper is to reveal the activeness of the most common accentual tendencies in the Russian spoken language used by two groups of respondents (Russian students of Smolensk State University and Belorussian students from Brest State University). The study revealed that the degree of the use of new accentual variants is different in each of the two groups of respondents. In most cases, the group of the Russian philology faculty student did not choose the wrong accentual variants. In contrast, the group of Russian mathematics students more actively chose the non-normative word stress variants. Belorussian respondents would use the wrong variants more often than the Russian students, which supports the hypothesis of the universality of accent evolution tendencies throughout the regions represented by the speakers who participated in the research.

RU

Цель настоящей статьи – представить в общем плане итоги двухэтапного письменного анкетирования, которое было проведено в 2014 и 2016 годах среди студентов двух университетов: Смоленского государственного университета (г. Смоленск, Российская Федерация) и Брестского государственного университета (г. Брест, Республика Беларусь). Исследование было направлено на получение информации об реальном состоянии акцентной подсистемы русского языка. На основе анкетных данных можно прийти к выводу, что изменения в акцентной системе русского языка реализуются в каждой из групп опрошенных с разной степенью интенсивности. Подавляющее большинство ответов белорусских студентов не отличалось от ответов российских студентов, т.е. акцентные тенденции, наблюдаемые в речи российских опрошенных не отличаются от тенденций, наблюдаемых в речи белорусских студентов.

8

Problematyka akcentuacji w rosyjskiej gwarze staroobrzędowców (region suwalsko-augustowski)

75%

Paśko‑Koneczniak D.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2013

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vol. 37

EN

The problem of word stress patterns in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers (in the Suwałki–Augustów region)The article addresses the problem of word stress in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers living in the Suwałki–Augustów region. This is an island dialect: it is surrounded by a Polish-speaking environment, and there is no area of contact with the Russian-speaking environment. The Old Believers alternately use the Russian dialect and the Polish language in every-day communication, depending on the situation and the communicative partner. The research demonstrates that currently the Russian dialect of the Old Believers, to a large extent, is not only different from standard Russian but also from the Pskov-region dialect, which forms the basis of the Old Believers’ Russian dialect. The dialect is undergoing a peculiar process of hybridisation – mingling with Polish in which one of them is seen as the basic frame for the functioning of root elements and borrowings. In the case of the Russian dialect used by the Old Believers, the basic frame is equated with the morphological system of this dialect and the original vocabulary. The influence of Polish is visible on all levels of language – particularly in the spheres of lexis, syntax, and pronunciation. Changes connected with civilisation advancement and technological progress are most visible in lexis. In borrowings from Polish and in the Russian root lexical items word-stress fluctuation can be observed – word-stress variants occur in the dialect. The place of the stress in a loan lexeme usually corresponds to a relevant morphological rule in the Russian language. Проблема акцентуации в русском говоре старообрядцев (сувалкско -августовский регион)Статья посвящена вопросу акцентуации в островном русском говоре старообрядцев, проживающих в сувалкско-августовском регионе. Русский говор старообрядцев находится в польскоязычном окружении и не имеет территориального контакта с общерусским языком. Старообрядцы пользуются своим русским говором и польским языком попеременно. Выбор языка зависит от коммуникативной ситуации и требований коммуникативного партнëра. Исследования говора показали, что в настоящее время этот говор отличается в значительной степени не только от русского литературного языка, но также от псковскoго говора, который является его диалектной базой. Происходит своеобрязный процесс гибридизации русского говора, то есть такое смешение исходного говора с польским языком, при котором один из них предоставляет базовый каркас для функционирования исходных и заимствованных элементов. Базовый каркас составляет морфологическая система говора и основной словарный запас (первичный словарь). Влияние польского языка заметно на всех уровнях языка, прежде всего в лексическом запасе, фонологии, синтаксисе. В лексической системе в наибольшeй степени заметны цивилизационные изменения, включая технический прогресс. В заимствованиях из польского языка и в исконно русских словах можно отметить колебания местa ударения. В говоре употребляются акцентуационные варианты слов. Обычно место ударения в заимствованном слове соответствует принципу морфематизма русского ударения.

9

Acoustic Correlates of Word Stress as A Cue to Accent Strength

75%

Volín J., Weingartová L.

Research in Language

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2014

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vol. 12

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issue 2

175-183

EN

Due to the clear interference of their mother tongue prosody, many Czech learners produce their English with a conspicuous foreign accent. The goal of the present study is to investigate the acoustic cues that differentiate stressed and unstressed syllabic nuclei and identify individual details concerning their contribution to the specific sound of Czech English. Speech production of sixteen female non-professional Czech and British speakers was analysed with the sounds segmented on a word and phone level and with both canonical and actual stress positions manually marked. Prior to analyses the strength of the foreign accent was assessed in a perception test. Subsequently, stressed and unstressed vowels were measured with respect to their duration, amplitude, fundamental frequency and spectral slope. Our results show that, in general, Czech speakers use much less acoustic marking of stress than the British subjects. The difference is most prominent in the domains of fundamental frequency and amplitude. The Czech speakers also deviate from the canonical placement of stress, shifting it frequently to the first syllable. On the other hand, they seem to approximate the needed durational difference quite successfully. These outcomes support the concept of language interference since they correspond with the existing linguistic knowledge about Czech and English word stress. The study adds specific details concerning the extent of this interference in four acoustic dimensions.

10

Acoustic Correlates of Word Stress as a Cue to Accent Strength

75%

Volín J., Weingartová L.

Research in Language

|

2014

|

vol. 12

|

issue 2

175-183

EN

Due to the clear interference of their mother tongue prosody, many Czech learners produce their English with a conspicuous foreign accent. The goal of the present study is to investigate the acoustic cues that differentiate stressed and unstressed syllabic nuclei and identify individual details concerning their contribution to the specific sound of Czech English. Speech production of sixteen female non-professional Czech and British speakers was analysed with the sounds segmented on a word and phone level and with both canonical and actual stress positions manually marked. Prior to analyses the strength of the foreign accent was assessed in a perception test. Subsequently, stressed and unstressed vowels were measured with respect to their duration, amplitude, fundamental frequency and spectral slope. Our results show that, in general, Czech speakers use much less acoustic marking of stress than the British subjects. The difference is most prominent in the domains of fundamental frequency and amplitude. The Czech speakers also deviate from the canonical placement of stress, shifting it frequently to the first syllable. On the other hand, they seem to approximate the needed durational difference quite successfully. These outcomes support the concept of language interference since they correspond with the existing linguistic knowledge about Czech and English word stress. The study adds specific details concerning the extent of this interference in four acoustic dimensions.

11

Samogłoska e w odmianach ogólnych trzech języków słowiańskich: macedońskim, bułgarskim i polskim, w kontekście dwóch wykładników akcentu wyrazowego: czasu i charakterystyki spektralnej

75%

Trawińska A., Cychnerska A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2020

|

vol. 17

EN

Two main objectives of the reported research are as follows: (1) to compare main variants of the vowel e in the standard varieties of the three Slavic languages, in which the opposition based on vowel length does not exist, (2) to compare the expression of word stress using an example of the realization of the vowel e in the standard varieties of those three languages in terms of the length of particular variants, as well as their spectral characteristics.The results of the conducted research can be summarized in the following way: the main variant of the e vowel in the Standard Macedonian is characterized by mediopalatal articulation constricted in the oral cavity and open due to degree of the mouth opening and non-constricted, mediopalatal and open in Bulgarian and Polish. Furthermore, the expression of word stress allows arranging those languages in the following order – starting from the most distinct ones in the characteristics F1xF2: Macedonian, Bulgarian, Polish.

PL

Sprawozdawane badania miały dwa cele: pierwszy – porównanie wariantów podstawowych samogłoski e w odmianach ogólnych trzech języków słowiańskich, w których nie występuje opozycja oparta na iloczasie, drugi – porównanie ekspresji akcentu wyrazowego na przykładzie realizacji samogłoski e w tych odmianach trzech języków, tak w wymiarze trwania poszczególnych wariantów, jak i ich charakterystyki spektralnej.Wyniki można streścić następująco: podstawowy wariant realizacyjny w języku macedońskim ma artykulację mediopalatalną, przewężoną w jamie ustnej (constricted) i otwartą z uwagi na stopień otwarcia jamy ustnej (open), zaś w językach bułgarskim i polskim – mediopalatalną, nieprzewężoną (nonconstricted) i otwartą (open). Z kolei ekspresja akcentu wyrazowego pozwala szeregować te języki w następującej kolejności, poczynając od najwyraźniej zaznaczonej w charakterystyce F2xF1: język macedoński, język bułgarski i język polski.

12

Problematyka akcentuacji w rosyjskiej gwarze staroobrzędowców (region suwalsko-augustowski)

63%

Paśko-Koneczniak D.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

|

2013

|

vol. 37

277-286

EN

The article addresses the problem of word stress in the Russian dialect of the Old Believers living in the Suwałki–Augustów region. This is an island dialect: it is surrounded by a Polish-speaking environment, and there is no area of contact with the Russian-speaking environment. The Old Believers alternately use the Russian dialect and the Polish language in every-day communication, depending on the situation and the communicative partner. The research demonstrates that currently the Russian dialect of the Old Believers, to a large extent, is not only different from standard Russian but also from the Pskov-region dialect, which forms the basis of the Old Believers’ Russian dialect. The dialect is undergoing a peculiar process of hybridisation – mingling with Polish in which one of them is seen as the basic frame for the functioning of root elements and borrowings. In the case of the Russian dialect used by the Old Believers, the basic frame is equated with the morphological system of this dialect and the original vocabulary. The influence of Polish is visible on all levels of language – particularly in the spheres of lexis, syntax, and pronunciation. Changes connected with civilisation advancement and technological progress are most visible in lexis. In borrowings from Polish and in the Russian root lexical items word-stress fluctuation can be observed – word-stress variants occur in the dialect. The place of the stress in a loan lexeme usually corresponds to a relevant morphological rule in the Russian language.

RU

Статья посвящена вопросу акцентуации в островном русском говоре старообрядцев, проживающих в сувалкскоавгустовском регионе. Русский говор старообрядцев находится в польскоязычном окружении и не имеет территориального контакта с общерусским языком. Старообрядцы пользуются своим русским говором и польским языком попеременно. Выбор языка зависит от коммуникативной ситуации и требований коммуникативного партнëра. Исследования говора показали, что в настоящее время этот говор отличается в значительной степени не только от русского литературного языка, но также от псковскoго говора, который является его диалектной базой. Происходит своеобрязный процесс гибридизации русского говора, то есть такое смешение исходного говора с польским языком, при котором один из них предоставляет базовый каркас для функционирования исходных и заимствованных элементов. Базовый каркас составляет морфологическая система говора и основной словарный запас (первичный словарь). Влияние польского языка заметно на всех уровнях языка, прежде всего в лексическом запасе, фонологии, синтаксисе. В лексической системе в наибольшeй степени заметны цивилизационные изменения, включая технический прогресс. В заимствованиях из польского языка и в исконно русских словах можно отметить колебания местa ударения. В говоре употребляются акцентуационные варианты слов. Обычно место ударения в заимствованном слове соответствует принципу морфематизма русского ударения.

13

Metrical conditioning of word-final devoicing in Polish

63%

Ciszewski T.

Forum Filologiczne Ateneum

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2019

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vol. 7

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issue 1

43-57

PL

Niniejszy artykuł bada zjawisko segmentalne tradycyjnie określane w języku polskim jako wygłosowe ubezdźwięcznienie spółgłosek obstruentnych. Ogólnie przyjmuje się, że kontekst, w którym ma zastosowanie, jest wyłącznie związany z bezwzględną ostateczną wygłosową pozycją słowa przed ciszą. W związku z tym, pełna dźwięczność na końcu słowa jest zachowywana tylko wtedy, gdy (i) po nim następuje segment dźwięczny (samogłoska lub spółgłoska) lub gdy (ii) jest dołączana z przyrostkiem rozpoczynającym się od samogłoski. W przedstawionym artykule badana jest inna grupa czynników, które wyzwalają ten proces, a mianowicie pozycja w stopie metrycznej. Jeśli, jak argumentował Harris (2009), nieinicjalna pozycja w stopie jest typowym miejscem osłabienia (w przeciwieństwie do Iverson i Salmons 2007) i jeśli ubezdźwięcznienie jest uważany za specjalny przejaw osłabienia (poprzez utratę informacji, podobnie jak redukcja samogłosek), nie można utrzymać czysto segmentowego (kontekstowego) uwarunkowania wyrażania retencji głośności w pozostałych kontekstach.

EN

The present paper investigates a segmental phenomenon traditionally referred to as word-final obstruent devoicing in Polish. It is generally assumed that the context in which it applies is solely related to the absolute word-final position before silence. By inference, full voicing of a wordfinal obstruent is retained only when (i) it is followed by a voiced segment (a vowel or a consonant) in an utterance or when (ii) it is appended with a suffix which begins with a vowel. In this research a different group of factors which trigger the process is explored, namely the position of the obstruent within the metrical foot. If, as argued by Harris (2009), noninitial position within the foot is a typical lenition site (contrary to Iverson and Salmons 2007) and if devoicing is regarded as a special manifestation of lenition (through information loss, similarly to vowel reduction), a purely segmental (contextual) conditioning for voicing retention in obstruents word-finally cannot be maintained.

14

O slovním přízvuku na jednoslabičných předložkách v češtině:

63%

Skarnitzl R.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2014

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vol. 97

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issue 2

78-91

EN

Monosyllabic prepositions in Czech are known to attract the stress of the words following them (e.g., 'jedu 'do Prahy, I’m going to Prague, rather than 'jedu do 'Prahy). However, certain factors have been recognized which allow for the shift of stress from the preposition to the following word. This study examines these factors in two types of speech material, in read newscasts on Czech Radio and in spontaneous dialogues. The length (number of syllables) of the preceding word has a clear effect, with longer words attracting stress more than shorter ones. Stress also tends to be shifted less when the following word is a noun and more when it is an adjective modifying a noun. Perhaps most interestingly, a great majority of the instances when stress was shifted resulted in a more rhythmical configuration, in a more regular number of syllables in neighbouring stress groups.

15

Wariantywność akcentowa w języku polskim. Proparoksytoneza

63%

Osowicka-Kondratowicz M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2021

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vol. XXIII/4

43–60

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad świadomością fonetyczną młodych Polaków w zakresie ewaluacji wariantów brzmieniowych wybranych dubletów akcentowych (np. mogliśmy/mogliśmy, logika/logika, bijatyka/bijatyka, prezydent/prezydent itp.). We wnioskach wskazano na stosunkowo dobrą dyskryminację słuchową wariantów fonetycznych omawianych wyrazów, a także na odmienność niektórych rozstrzygnięć respondentów w stosunku do zaleceń poprawnościowych.

EN

The article presents the results of research on the phonetic awareness of young Poles regarding the evaluation of sound variants of selected accent doublets such as mogliśmy/ mogliśmy, logika/logika, bijatyka/bijatyka, prezydent/prezydent etc. The proposed conclusions point to a relatively good auditory discrimination of the phonetic variants of the words in question as well as differences between some of the respondents’ decisions and correctness recommendations formulated in dictionaries.

16

Komponent fonologiczny języka polskiego jako struktura rdzeń-peryferie na przykładzie akcentu wyrazowego w galicyzmach

63%

Radomski M.

Linguistica Copernicana

|

2020

|

vol. 17

PL

Tematem artykułu jest adaptacja akcentu wyrazowego w galicyzmach w języku polskim. Przedstawione dane pokazują, że omawiane zapożyczenia można podzielić na dwie kategorie pod względem umiejscowienia akcentu. Z jednej strony istnieją wyrazy z akcentem paroksytonicznym, zgodne z rodzimymi regułami akcentowania. Z drugiej strony są takie wyrazy, które zachowują pierwotny akcent oksytoniczny, naruszając te zasady. Proponowana analiza formalna tego zjawiska w ramach teorii optymalności opiera się na założeniu wywiedzionym z prac Itô i Mestera (1995, 1999, 2001), zgodnie z którym systemy fonologiczne języków naturalnych mają strukturę rdzeń-peryferie. Galicyzmy z akcentem paroksytonicznym zostały przyporządkowane do rdzenia, natomiast te z akcentem oksytonicznym do sfery peryferyjnej. W każdej z tych warstw obowiązują odmienne rankingi ograniczeń fonologicznych, czego wynikiem jest rozbieżność akcentowania w obu grupach zapożyczeń.

EN

The article deals with word stress adaptation in French loanwords in Polish. The presented data demonstrate that the borrowings in question can be divided into two categories in terms of stress placement. On the one hand, there are items with penultimate stress, which conform to native Polish stress rules. On the other hand, there are those which retain the original final stress in violation of these rules. The proposed formal analysis of this phenomenon within Optimality Theory is based on the assumption derived from Itô and Mester (1995, 1999, 2001) that phonological systems of natural languages have a core-periphery structure. The gallicisms with penultimate stress have thus been assigned to the core, while those with final stress to the periphery. It is argued that each stratum has a different constraint ranking, which results in the divergent adaptation of word stress.

17

Ne / přízvukování slov no a jo

51%

Jílková L.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2017

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vol. 100

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issue 3

177-185

EN

This paper attempts to answer the following research question: Is the un/stressed pronunciation of the Czech words no and jo related to the word’s functions and meanings? To answer this question, I analyze a guest interview from the Czech late-night talk show Uvolněte se, prosím, which is part of the DIALOG corpus (duration of the dialogue: 18 minutes). The analysis reveals that the stressed pronunciation prevails in both cases. The analysis points to individual speech styles, e.g. the host of the interview pronounces no as an unstressed word when no functions as a preparatory particle.

18

Ударение как полифункциональный системный элемент русского языка (на материале глагольных форм)

51%

Woch J.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2014

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issue 8

219-230

EN

The aim of this paper is to emphasise the multifunctional character of the word stress in Russian language system. Being a suprasegmental unit of language it is interconnected with other subsystems of language. Russian word stress may be the only semantic differentiator of homonyms, binds words belonging to the same derivational type and indicates the grammatical meaning of the words.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest podkreślenie wielofunkcyjnego charakteru akcentu wyrazowego w systemie języka rosyjskiego. Ze względu na swój ruchomy charakter oraz supersegmentowość, akcent wyrazowy w języku rosyjskim jest ściśle związany z innymi podsystemami języka. Akcent może nie tylko samodzielnie rozróżniać znaczenia homonimów, ale wiąże słowa należące do tego samego typu słowotwórczego oraz wskazuje na znaczenia gramatyczne wyrazów.

RU

В данной статье ударение рассматривается как полифункциональный элемент языковой системы. Ударение, будучи суперсегментной единицей языка, взаимосвязанной с другими подсистемами языка, выполняет в русском языке ряд функций. Благодаря своей разноместности, ударение может быть единственным смысловым различителем омонимов в процессе высказывания, связывать слова, принадлежащие к одному словообразовательному типу, и указывать на грамматическое значение лексем.

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Komponent fonologiczny języka polskiego jako struktura rdzeń-peryferie na przykładzie akcentu wyrazowego w galicyzmach

Ne / přízvukování slov no a jo

Ударение как полифункциональный системный элемент русского языка (на материале глагольных форм)