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The work ethic and social change in the Czech republic and Slovakia - a modernisation theory perspective:

100%
Kozák M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 56
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issue 6
741-766
EN
The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999-2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.
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Hodnotový kontext volby mezi kariérou a domácností: mezinárodní srovnání

86%
Weidnerová S., Matějů P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 4
637-666
EN
The objective of this article is to theoretically and empirically link Catherine Hakim’s preference theory to Shalom Schwartz’s basic values theory and determine to what extent women’s preferences in relation to employment and a career are supported by their value orientations. A related question, and one with policy relevance, concerns the role of education in women’s deep-rooted preferences and individual concepts of life-success. A third question is to what extent higher education helps women to overcome social barriers to implementing their choices between job (career) and family (household), barriers that mainly derive from the prevalence of conservative values and low labour-market flexibility. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of 25 European countries using data from the second round of the European Social Survey (ESS2) collected in the year 2004. The results of multilevel modeling reveal that education not only significantly reduces the tendency towards conservative values and strengthens openness to change – more significantly with women than with men – but simultaneously helps women overcome the social barriers in the formation of their work-career preferences, particularly in countries with stronger barriers.
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