Search results

1

“In Karlov, we were like a Family”: Communal memory space as lived mnemonic device

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Burzová P., Dvořáková I.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2019

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issue 1

13-23

EN

This paper attempts to answer the questions of how present perception and conceptualizations of everyday life in the city recreate representations of the past and the image of a long demolished neighbourhood of a workers’ colony, and how this image is used as a “mnemonic device” when narrators seek to respond to the perceived socio-spatial problems. We deal with what we call “oppressed memory” of a neighbourhood that does not exist in its “memory form” anymore, but is, though, lived as a communal memory space and used as a memory device to respond to the perceived current social and spatial problems of the city of Pilsen and beyond.

2

Women in the Polish Industry - Employment Numbers and Structure in the Years 1945-1956

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Chumiński J.

Studia Historiae Oeconomicae

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2019

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vol. 37

147-176

EN

The first decade of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR) saw a radical increase in the number of workers employed in the industry. Many of the new workers were women, whose situation on the job market was much more dynamic than men’s. New staff was mainly recruited from the rural population. Workers were poorly educated and had little work experience, which begs a question regarding the economic rationale behind this process. Some of the new employees could actually be included in the category of “hidden unemployment”. Their marginal productivity equaled zero, which means that their work had no actual impact on the gross national income. Furthermore, such “unemployment at work” negatively impacts morale and work quality, leads to increased staff turnover, and essentially prevents workers from improving their financial situation. Considering the poorer socio-demographic characteristics of women compared to men, one can pose the thesis that the rate of needless employment was significantly higher among women than among men.

3

Zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego wśród pracowników zajmujących się pracą socjalną

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Gramlewicz M.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2012

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issue 1

449-465

EN

The author describes the phenomenon of burnout among social workers. Chronic stress and emotional involvement are the most common causes of burnout in this professional group.

4

„Działka” i kooperatywa. Dwie przestrzenie oporu

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Szczeblewska A.

Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne

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2016

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vol. 16

101-134

EN

The paper focuses on two cases: the allotment gardens and the cooperative movement. “The allotment” and “the cooperative” are two areas examined by the author in her pursuit of the manifestations of cultural resistance. The text begins with a short history of the allotment gardening. However, the main purpose of this part of the article is to examine what kind of practices of the allotment gardeners seem to challenge the “liquid modernity” and whether those practices could be defined as a cultural resistance. That resistance, nested in the modern city, would evoke tensions and therefore make the city an “agonistic public space”. In the second part of the text the author explores the topic of the cooperative movement-starting from its history. Then she shares her visit to the one of Warsaw cooperatives. The story is an attempt at understanding the idea of the resistance on which this movement is built.

5

Ruchliwość społeczna wielkoprzemysłowej klasy robotniczej – przykład Trójmiejskich stoczniowców

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Mika B.

Nowa Krytyka

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2015

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vol. 35

131-150

EN

This paper reports the results of a pilot survey conducted among the shipyard workers from Gdansk and Gdynia. The objective of the study was to diagnose the social mobility of those workers. We focused on the mechanisms behind the position change for both the workers and their adult children. Intragenerational mobility was captured by an examination of two moments of shipbuilders professional biographies. The first involved the late 70’s and early 80’s, the second refered to the current class position. At the same time, the contemporary class position of the adult children of the shipyard workers was studied, which allowed us to examine intergenerational mobility as well. Three research questions were answered using the empirical evidence: − Has the class position of shipyard workers changed? In other words; whether they have gone from working class to another great social class (eg. petty bourgeoisie, capitalist class, service class, etc.). − Has the specific intraclass position of workers changed? − Does the class position of children differ from the position of the parents? The terminology used above clearly indicates our interest in class positions. Class can be called a collection of people involved identical positions in the social division of labor and ownership or how Jacek Tittenbrun puts it: “groups of people which differ from each other by the place they occupy in a historically determined system of economic acti-vity (i.e. production, exchange, transport, finance and services)” (Tittenbrun 2011, 188 –189). As noted above, in the first part of the study we describe shipbuilders’ class position in the early 80s and also their current position. Class position of the workers was finally compared to the current class position of their offspring. In this paper the preliminary results are presented. Particular attention is devoted to the changes in the stability of employment. We discuss how the working condition of the shipyard workers changed as well as we compare the stability of employment of parents and children.

6

Performing memory - workers' strikes in post-war Poland

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Sosnowska D.

Theatralia: Revue současného myšlení o divadelní kultuře (Theatralia: The revue of contemporary thought on theatre culture)

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2019

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vol. 22

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issue 1

89-96

EN

Andrzej Leder, Polish psychoanalyst and philosopher, states that between 1939 and 1956, a revolution took place in Poland. A revolution he calls an 'overslept revolution' (LEDER 2014). To him, it is the time when Polish society entered modernity and changed its model from a feudal to a bourgeois society. He utilizes Jacques Lacan's term trans-passive to underscore the character of Polish revolution: it is perceived as someone else's act, as a nightmare and a sweet phantasy at the same time. This article explores the consequences the workers' protests in Poland between 1945 and 1948, and their performative, or theatrical character. I question how this influences our understanding of common memory and history. Another important philosophical context is Hannah Arendt's On Revolution (1963), and her statement that in any revolutionary act there is a deep division between the mass population and how their goals are formulated. Performative perspective is a way to overcome this division – at least in historical thinking.

7

Die sozialoekonomischen Determinanten von Streiks in Polen 1945–1948

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Chumiński J.

Central European Papers

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2018

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vol. 6

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issue 1

13-36

EN

In the years 1945–1949, there were at least 1,220 strikes in Poland, of which the majority – 73 % – took place in three voivodships: Lodzkie, Silesian and Krakow, and in two industries: mining and textiles – over 56 %. The article presents the socio-economic conditions of strikes, in particular the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of the workers’ milieu and the intensity of strike actions. The responses of the political authorities and the security apparatus to the strike actions organized by the workers were also taken into account.

8

Utváření obrazu sociální struktury současné české společnosti ve skupinových rozhovorech s „dělníky“ a „profesionály“

88%

Vodochodský I.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2011

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vol. 9

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issue 1

13-18

EN

Based on data from three group interviews conducted with groups of “workers” and “professionals”, this article focuses on ways that interviews participants choose in their attempts to cope with sociologists’ demands to describe social structure of the contemporary Czech society. The key category adopted from the interviewers’ questions around which the arguments of participants were centered is the category of “success“. The author analyses measures of success mentioned by participants, its presuppositions, who is regarded as successful by them and which criteria of success they adopt. Also analyzed is the self-positioning of the interview participants and the social group they identify with in the notions of social structure presented by them in the course of the interviews.

9

The VMIC Social System. The View of Historians over the Past 100 Years

88%

Šústková H.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

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2012

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vol. 27

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issue 1

68-84

EN

This study analyses czech historians’ point of view on problems of social history of workers in Vítkovice ironworks. It presents the most important works about history of this company and introduces economical and social historians of Moravian-Silesian region, i.e. Milan Myška, Jiří Matějček, Blanka Pitronová etc.

10

Cadmium and hypertension in exposed workers: A meta-analysis

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Caciari T., Sancini A., Fioravanti M., Casale T., Montuori L., Fiaschetti M., Schifano M. P., Andreozzi G., Nardone N., Tomei G., Ciarrocca M., Rosati M. V., Tomei F.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 3

440-456

EN

Objectives: In the general population, cadmium seems to be responsible for hypertension, atherosclerosis and an increase in acute coronary events. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze controlled studies conducted on cadmium and arterial pressure in occupationally-exposed workers. Materials and Methods: After analyzing all the relevant articles found in the literature, 6 publications were selected. Results: A higher prevalence of hypertension and higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded in the exposed subjects. Conclusions: Cadmium in occupationallyexposed individuals appears to induce an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in the prevalence of hypertension.

11

Relationship between daily physical activity level and low back pain in young, female desk-job workers

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Kayihan G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2014

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vol. 27

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issue 5

863-870

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between daily physical activity (PA) level and low back pain (LBP) in young women. Material and Methods: Two hundred forty three female, desk-job workers aged 20–40 voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were assessed by the use of Oswestry Disability Index for measuring LBP disability and by the use of the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA assessment. The 1-way ANOVA test was used for comparing the mean values according to the physical activity level groups. Correlations between the average LBP disability score and all the other variables were obtained using Pearson’s correlation analysis. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Results: Significant differences were found for LBP disability score between the results of 3 different PA groups (p < 0.05) (low, moderate and high PA groups). The correlation between the average LBP disability score and body weight (r = 0.187, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.165, p < 0.01), vigorous MET score (r = 0.247, p < 0.01) and total PA MET score (r = 0.131, p < 0.01) were significant. Conclusions: The main finding of this study is that there is a U-shaped relationship between PA and LBP disability score in young women. A moderate level of daily physical activity and preventing body weight and fat gain should be recommended in young, female desk-job workers in order to prevent and manage low back pain.

12

Stosunek pracowników przedsiębiorstw toruńskich do władz państwowych w latach 1983–1989 w świetle akt Komitetu Wojewódzkiego Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej i niezależnych czasopism

75%

Nowakowski P.

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EN

The article constitutes an attempt to initiate research on the attitude of the Toruń community towards the political authorities after the martial law, the basic subject of which is not the opposition but a broad cross-section of society. The aim of the article is to examine the moods and behavior of the personnel of Toruń’s enterprises, with special emphasis on employees not belonging to the political opposition. The files of the archival collection of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in Toruń and selected underground magazines were used for the research. The conclusions reveal the ambiguous and variable, if not radical, attitude of Toruń’s workers to the authorities in the discussed period, and the fact that dissatisfaction was based mainly on the economic grounds.

13

Organizacja ochrony zdrowia robotników w latach 1945 – 1955 na tle specyfiki Pomorza Zachodniego – próba bilansu

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Kozłowska U.

Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

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2018

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issue 1

121-143

EN

The organisation of industrial health service in the years 1945–1955 may be characterised as dynamic. Various factors were at work, among which the most important ones are the following: historical and political conditions, changes taking place in the system of health service, and the socio-economic development. After 1945 the system was created in stages. The first one, initiated still in 1944, was preliminary, preparatory. It was then when the main guidelines for the subsequent years were set down. In addition, the appropriate laws were prepared, which influenced significantly the organisation of the health service, including its industrial branch. The second stage occurred at the beginning of the 1950s. Then the industrial health service was properly organised; and the full-scale development proceeded during the six-year plan, when the health service for workers acquired special significance. The system covered especially workers employed in strategic industrial sectors. The changes in the industrial health service was a background for presenting the organisation of the health service in Western Pomerania in the period in question.

PL

Organizacja przemysłowej służby zdrowia w latach 1945–1955 odznaczała się swoistą dynamiką, na co wpływały różnorodne czynniki, wśród których za najważniejsze można uznać: uwarunkowania historyczne, polityczne, przemiany zachodzące w służbie zdrowia, rozwój społeczny, gospodarczy. Jej tworzenie po 1945 roku przebiegało etapami. Pierwszy, rozpoczęty jeszcze w 1944 roku, miał charakter wstępny, przygotowawczy. W tym to bowiem okresie wyznaczono główne kierunki działań na lata następne. Ponadto przygotowano określone rozwiązania ustawodawcze, które zasadniczo wpłynęły na organizację służby zdrowa, w tym przemysłowej. Drugi etap przypadł na początek lat pięćdziesiątych. Czas ten przyniósł właściwą organizację przemysłowej służby zdrowia, której zasadniczy rozwój nastąpił w okresie planu sześcioletniego, kiedy to ochrona zdrowia robotników nabrała szczególnego znaczenia. Objęci nią w sposób szczególny zostali robotnicy zatrudnieni w strategicznych sektorach przemysłowych. Przemiany zachodzące w tworzeniu przemysłowej służby zdrowia dały tło do zaprezentowania organizacji ochrony zdrowia robotników na Pomorzu Zachodnim w analizowanym okresie.

75%

Пазюра Н.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2017

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issue 4(27)

99-107

EN

The article is devoted to the issue of professional training of labor force in Japan, provided by means of formal education. The constant development of labor force’s competencies has turned into the main prerequisite of business competitiveness. Thus, investigation of the ways by which it may be improved is particularly important. Asian developed countries in which human resource development is the issue of national concern can provide invaluable information. Diversified forms of professional de- velopment of personnel which contributed to the quality of training have attracted our attention. The author reveals the most effective types of providers, which offer formal training and its most popular forms. The goal groups, for whom the training courses are organized, have been found. The contents of professional training have been analyzed in their accordance with the labor market and demands of employers in Japan.

Refine search results

“In Karlov, we were like a Family”: Communal memory space as lived mnemonic device

Women in the Polish Industry - Employment Numbers and Structure in the Years 1945-1956

Zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego wśród pracowników zajmujących się pracą socjalną

„Działka” i kooperatywa. Dwie przestrzenie oporu

Ruchliwość społeczna wielkoprzemysłowej klasy robotniczej – przykład Trójmiejskich stoczniowców

Performing memory - workers' strikes in post-war Poland

Die sozialoekonomischen Determinanten von Streiks in Polen 1945–1948

Utváření obrazu sociální struktury současné české společnosti ve skupinových rozhovorech s „dělníky“ a „profesionály“

The VMIC Social System. The View of Historians over the Past 100 Years

Cadmium and hypertension in exposed workers: A meta-analysis