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Destrukcyjny wpływ wilgoci na stan zachowania obiektów zabytkowych na przykładzie dworu Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach

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Potocka A. D., Gazda R. W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2001

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issue 4

385-392

EN

The devastation of historical objects is caused by numerous factors. The gravest threat posed for even the best preserved objects is concealed in moisture. Publications describing the mechanisms of damage caused by dampness are extremely extensive, and their discussion exceeds the space provided by this article. To put it in most general terms, moisture causes physico-chemical, mechanical and biological damage. The prime reason for the dampness of building walls is gro u n d -, ra in - and condensation water. The destruction of such an object follows a rapid course, but drying it calls for a long period of time. This is the reason why at the outset of conservation it is necessary to establish the degree of the dampness of the historical building, measure the relative moisture of the air, the dampness and temperature of the wall surfaces, and the heat conduction of the outer walls. Only the determination and identification of the causes of dampness make it possible to formulate a suitable conservation programme and its effective application. An initial analysis and examination of the titular object found that the main reasons for dampness are: 1. the unsuitable drainage of rainwater, 2. the absence of suitable drain pipes on the building and tin roof, 3. the absence of horizontal insulation, 4. the absence of vertical insulation or its inappropriate execution, 5. incorrectly conducted repair. The encroaching threat can be prevented by vertical horizontal insulation of the outer walls, draining the area around the building, including water from the collective sump, and vertical insulation of the inner walls with the polychrome by J. B. Plersch. A suitable selection of the insulation method and its rapid realisation are decisive for halting the progressing destruction of the object in question. Vertical insulation, employing the injection-coating method in the Aida-Kiesol, Remmers system, was conducted on the outer wall. Moisture measurements carried out in the autumn of 2001 confirmed the effectiveness of this particular method. Undoubtedly, such insulation should be applied in the whole object; together with roof repair, this approach will guarantee proper p ro tection against dampness.

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Konserwacja grotesek J. B. Plerscha na ścianie północnej i fragmencie ściany północno-wschodniej westybulu dworu Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach

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Wierzbicka M., Sawicki T.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2001

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issue 4

372-384

EN

The grotesques by J. B. Plersch in Jordanowice were conserved thrice during the post-war period — in 195 0 - 1951, 1952-1953 and 1999-2001. The material applied upon the first two occasions and the fatal technical state of the manor house extensively damaged the paintings. The discussed article presents the “deconservation” and “reconservation” of a fragment of the J. B. Plersch decorations — the topic of a diploma study written in the Department of the Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. The conservation dating from the 1950s was severely criticised, although it should be taken into consideration that it was conducted for the p u rpose of salvaging the paintings by resorting to material available at that time — shellac, oil, egg white, wax, plaster, etc. During the latest conservation, it was necessary to tackle difficult technical problems associated with the considerable salination and unsatisfactory condition of the plaster as well as the necessity of removing earlier applied material, which rendered the painted layer indelible. Disintegrated fragments of the plaster were hardened by means of silicone resin Funcosil Steinfestiger 300. The additional strata of wax, oil and shellac were removed with assorted solutions of solvents. The following stages of conservation included emulation retouching of the missing elements of the painted layer and small reconstruction. Such an aesthetic solution is justified by the fact that the polychrome constitutes the most important element of the decoration of the vestibule. Missing elements of the grotesques could be reconstructed u p o n the basis of better preserved parts of the decoration on other walls and the doors. A comparison with grotesques by J. B. Plersch in the White House and the Palace on Water in the Warsaw Łazienki proved to be of great assistance.

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"Peintures des arabesques" J. B. Plerscha we dworze Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach - historia, technika wykonania i problemy konserwatorskie

80%

Potocka A. D.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2001

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issue 4

358-371

EN

In 1782 Jan Bogumił Plersch used the tempera technique to execute painted decorations of the walls, ceiling, wardrobes and two doors in the octagonal study in the Mokronowski manor house in Jordanowice. The decoration involves arabesque-grotesque ornaments and candelabra arabesques composed of masks and medallions with allegorical figures depicted against a light-hued backdrop. The general purpose of the conservation was to halt the destruction and degradation of the historical polychrome by gluing loose fragments and reinforcing strata of the floating coat, to gether with the construction foundation (by using organic silicone compounds), and halting the unhampered migration of salt within stratigraphie layers. It was necessary to employ desalination compresses. Subsequently, the polychrome surface was cleaned and secondary stratification — repainting, darkened retouching, putty and patches — were removed. The execution of the supplementation was adapted to the degree of the destruction of adjoining strata, with due care not to introduce measures that could prove to be excessively strong, cohesive and binding. It became indispensable to use wide-porous plaster. Aesthetic conservation encompassed both the ornaments and the background of the decoration as well as the reconstruction of n o n -ex tan t fragments of the polychrome. Due to the extensive devastation of the original painted layer it was necessary to conduct numerous consultations and detailed co-ordination concerning the character and range of the reconstruction. The reconstruction of the painted stratum was carried out upon the basis of an analogy with preserved fragments in the study, archival material and comparisons with other realisations by J. B. Plersch. Conceptions of aesthetic solutions were presented on boards. Owing to the decorative nature of the polychrome, it was decided to resort to emulation retouching in a minimally lighter tone.

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3 Ochrona Zabytków

3 2001

2 Potocka A. D.

1 Gazda R. W.

1 Sawicki T.

1 Wierzbicka M.

Destrukcyjny wpływ wilgoci na stan zachowania obiektów zabytkowych na przykładzie dworu Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach

Konserwacja grotesek J. B. Plerscha na ścianie północnej i fragmencie ściany północno-wschodniej westybulu dworu Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach

"Peintures des arabesques" J. B. Plerscha we dworze Mokronowskich w Jordanowicach - historia, technika wykonania i problemy konserwatorskie