Celem pracy jest diagnoza bazy materialnej do zajęć ruchowych oraz sposobu realizacji tych zajęć w przedszkolach śląskich. W badaniach zastosowano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego. Materiał stanowią wyniki badań 30 śląskich placówek przedszkolnych. Wyposażenie placówek przedszkolnych oceniono metodą obserwacji, uwzględniając rodzaje ćwiczeń, do których mogą być wykorzystane urządzenia i sprzęt sportowy. Oceny realizacji zajęć ruchowych w przedszkolu dokonano w oparciu o autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, który został skierowany do nauczycieli i dyrektorów przedszkoli. Do analizy zakwalifikowano 60 kwestionariuszy wypełnionych przez nauczycieli, 30 kwestionariuszy wypełnionych przez dyrektorów oraz 30 arkuszy obserwacji. Badania wykazały, iż w śląskich placówkach przedszkolnych organizowane są różne formy zajęć ruchowych, przy czym baza materialna do realizacji tych zajęć jest bardzo słaba. Uzyskane wyniki badań świadczą o ograniczonej częstotliwości zajęć ruchowych, zbyt krótkim czasie ich trwania, braku strojów gimnastycznych dzieci, korzystaniu ze starych przewodników metodycznych, a przede wszystkim o rzadkim wykorzystywaniu przyrządów i urządzeń sportowych. Nie sprzyja to stymulowaniu rozwoju fizycznego i motorycznego dzieci.
EN
The aim of the study is to diagnose the conditions and implementation of physical activities in nursery schools. Thirty Silesian nursery schools were examined including equipment in pre rated taking into account the types of exercises, which can be used in devices and sport equipment. Assessment of the implementation exercise classes in nursery schools was based on the original questionnaire, which was sent to the teacher and the director of the nursery school. For the analysis were qualified 60 questionnaires filled by teachers and 30 filled by directors and 30 observation cards. Studies have shown that in the Silesian nursery school are organized various forms of physical activities, while material resources to carry out these activities is very poor. The research results indicate reduced frequency of physical activities, too short its duration, lack of gym clothes children, the use of the old methodological guides and, above all, a rare use of instruments and sport facilities. This is not conducive, stimulating physical and motor development of children.
The aim of this study was to sum up the experiences gained during twelve-year research on effects of using educational balls called ‘edubal’ in PE classes in grades 1 to 3 of the primary school (i.e. children aged 7 to 10). The research was carried out in Poland an in Germany. The authors focused their attention on objectives and tasks of contemporary education of children aged 7 to 10 – first of all supporting and stimulating comprehensive development of children, especially with regard to improving coordinative motor abilities which determine, inter alia, reading and writing skills. Employment of ‘edubal’ education balls in early school education (grades 1 to 3 of the primary school) activates cognitive, emotional and physical spheres of a child and hence contributes to the integration of the subject content. The children while participating in PE classes with the use of education balls learn about letters, spelling rules, colours, mathematical signs and punctuation marks as well as numerous rules which are useful in linguistic and mathematical education and they shape their coordination abilities and improve physical skills. Moreover, they also develop their coordination abilities. ‘Edubal’ education balls have a much wider scope of application than it was the case twelve years ago. They are also used in occupational therapy of disabled persons and in work with dyslectic children who attend therapeutic schools.
The paper was written to identify the similarities and differences in the functioning of pre-school institutions in Poland and Norway, with particular emphasis on physical activities. It contains general notes on the operation of kindergartens in both countries, information on personnel, characteristics of space and time organization, and above all, an analysis of the area of child’s autonomy in an institution. The analysis is based on the author’s own professional experience in Norwegian kindergartens and contacts with Polish kindergarten workers.
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