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MIĘDZY CZŁOWIEKIEM I BESTIĄ: Role and communication: a zoosemiotic perspective

100%
Mäekivi N.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2014
|
vol. 15(1)
PL
The concept of role is wide-spread in social sciences. It is also used in ethology, but only to describe social structure which exists in species under observation. This paper is an attempt to utilize the concept of role in order to analyze cases of social communication in animals. To reach this goal, the meanings of role and its related terms are revisited to understand its different applications in social sciences. Also, a synopsis of role concept usage in ethology is presented and social role is re-conceptualized in a way that permits it to be applied with consideration to other species’ communicative abilities. In other words, this paper analyzes how role concept fits into a zoosemiotic approach. By concentrating on the act of social communication, the interdependent nature of social relationships and their dependence on roles becomes evident. Social roles are created and manifested only in the act of communication and social roles in reverse shape the act of communication. In order for social communication dependent on roles to take place, it is crucial for interacting animals to recognize the context of communication and the other communicative party. To affirm the latter, situations which can be described by terms: role conflict and role change are considered in order to see their effect on communicating animals and on the act of communication itself.
2
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BETWEEN A HUMAN AND A BEAST: Role and communication: a zoosemiotic perspective

100%
Mäekivi N.
Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica
|
2014
|
vol. 15(1)
EN
The concept of role is wide-spread in social sciences. It is also used in ethology, but only to describe social structure which exists in species under observation. This paper is an attempt to utilize the concept of role in order to analyze cases of social communication in animals. To reach this goal, the meanings of role and its related terms are revisited to understand its different applications in social sciences. Also, a synopsis of role concept usage in ethology is presented and social role is re-conceptualized in a way that permits it to be applied with consideration to other species’ communicative abilities. In other words, this paper analyzes how role concept fits into a zoosemiotic approach. By concentrating on the act of social communication, the interdependent nature of social relationships and their dependence on roles becomes evident. Social roles are created and manifested only in the act of communication and social roles in reverse shape the act of communication. In order for social communication dependent on roles to take place, it is crucial for interacting animals to recognize the context of communication and the other communicative party. To affirm the latter, situations which can be described by terms: role conflict and role change are considered in order to see their effect on communicating animals and on the act of communication itself.
3
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Czy zwierzęta mają język?

88%
Rode B.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
|
2017
|
issue 3
129-142
EN
The belief that only humans use language has dominated in science for years. Linguists are especially sensitive to the notion that animals can use or create language. They argue that all species other than human can communicate but they do not use language, as it is reserved for people only. It is important to notice that animal psychology is a new and still far underdeveloped scientific field. More and more studies are revealing that animals can and do think, feel and communicate in a meaningful way. Recently, new studies have supported the hypothesis that some animals do use language. The communication systems that they use have all or most of the characteristics of a language. Con Slobodchikoff has shown that prairie dogs have grammar, can create language and use dialects in their communication with one another. Their pups learn their language in a similar way as human babies do. This article is meant to question the notion that animals do not use and create language.
4
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Reflection on the Borders of Language and Speech in Light of Discoveries in Zoosemiotics

51%
Nowak T.
Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies
|
2021
|
issue 7
1-53
RU
Основная проблема, которую автор обсуждает в этой статье, – это границы языка и речи, очерченные совместно социально-гуманитарными науками, математикой и естественными науками, особенно – слиянием семиотики и биологии, то есть биосемиотики. В работе формулируется тезис, согласно которому биокоммуникационные способности и навыки человеческих существ и животных находятся на некотором расстоянии друг от друга: как количественно, так и качественно, где филогенетические (пре)адаптации и онтогенетические (пред) расположенности человеческих существ и животных, с одной стороны, коммуникативно – незаметны, с другой стороны, когнитивно и поведенчески – постоянны. Результаты эмпирических исследований позволяют предположить, что существуют специфические особенности человеческой биокоммуникации.
PL
Głównym problemem, który poruszam w niniejszym artykule, są granice języka i mowy, wytyczane wspólnie przez nauki społeczno-humanistyczne i matematyczno-przyrodnicze, zwłaszcza – fuzję semiotyki i biologii, czyli biosemiotyki. W tekście formułuję tezę, zgodnie z którą zdolności i umiejętności biokomunikacyjne zwierząt ludzkich i nie-ludzkich dzieli dystans: zarazem ilościowy i jakościowy, przy czym: (pre)adaptacje filogenetyczne i (pre)dyspozycje ontogenetyczne zwierząt ludzkich i nie-ludzkich są z jednej strony komunikacyjnie – dyskretne, z drugiej strony kognitywnie i behawioralnie – kontynualne. Wyniki badań empirycznych, które przytoczyłem i skomentowałem, pozwalają sądzić, że istnieją cechy biokomunikacyjne swoiście ludzkie.
EN
The main problem that Tomasz Nowak discusses in this article concerns the boundaries of language and speech as set by both social sciences and the humanities and mathematics and natural sciences. His special focus is the fusion of semiotics and biology known as biosemiotics. Nowak argues that bio-communicative skills of human and non-human animals are divided by a gap which is both quantitative and qualitative. However, phylogenetic pre-adaptations and (pre)ontogenetic dispositions of human and non-human animals are, on the one hand, communicatively discreet, and, on the other, cognitively and behaviorally continual. The results of empirical studies cited and examined by Nowak support the idea that there are bio-communicative traits specific to humans.
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