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On Zoosemic Tendencies in the Vocabulary of Prison Slang

100%
Ciechanowska A.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2018
|
vol. 7
89-108
EN
The multifaceted prison slang may be considered to be the linguistic phenomenon which has relatively recently started to attract the attention of various representatives of the linguistic world, such as, for example, semanticists, sociolinguists and those who engage in the development of linguistic anthropology. In the past, prison slang was mainly perceived as a part of the prison subculture, and hence it was discussed as a socio-cultural problem, with little or no emphasis being put on its strictly linguistic features. Not to mention the issue of animal metaphors in prison slang forming a part and parcel of its vocabulary. On the basis of the research carried out by Ciechanowska (2017), related to the problem of zoosemy in prison slang, with special attention being given to animal nouns which either function or—at least—functioned as thief synonyms, as well as a group of animal verbs, it was possible to draw some conclusions of both qualitative and quantitative character, regarding the tendencies observable in the mechanism of animal metaphorisation. The apparatus applied in the analysis of the group of selected animal nouns and verbs was based on the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the cognitive approach, probably the most productive framework in lexical semantics, combined with some elements of componential analysis.
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On the semantic history of selected terms of endearment

86%
Grząśko A.
Linguistics Beyond and Within
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2015
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vol. 1
104-118
EN
The present paper attempts to discuss the semantic history of a handful of terms of endearment (aka pet names, sweet talk, affectionate talk, soft words, terms of affection or sweet words) and the role of the cognitive mechanisms in the changes of their meaning. We focus the reader’s attention on a few lexical items which represent such mechanisms as foodsemy (e.g. honey, sugar), which seems to be one of the most prolific ones, plantosemy (pumpkin) or zoosemy (pet). Furthermore, we trace the semantic development of terms which from the beginning of their existence have been employed as pet names (sweetheart), words which are no longer endearments, because they underwent the process of meaning amelioration or pejoration (mopsy, bully) and – last but not least – nouns whose semantic shift is based on the pattern (POSITIVE) EMOTIONS → ENDEARMENTS (joy).
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