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EN
Forgeries of art-works are one of important problem of illegal art and antiques market. The situation on the art market is highly disordered and expertises which are commonly given by experts from one specialty have low reliability. Therefore, current punitive measures against forgeries in the form of criminal liability of forger were presented. The aspects of qualification and possession of „special information” by the art-expert and his penal responsibility were especially marked. Modern model of complex expertise which consists of several stages and uses experts from different specialties, especially from the „classical” criminalistics, e.g. fingerprinting, toolmark, handwriting and physicochemistry examiners was proposed and presented. The presented methods and instruments can provide an important task in detecting, collecting proofs and additionally in preventing the occurrence of fraudulent practices during loan and exhibition of art-works through adequate security.
EN
The publication addresses the issue of the activity of the Social Insurance Institution regarding counteacting abuses in the area of determining the applicable legislation on the basis of EU Regulation No. 883/2004. The author discusses the methods used by the Social Insurance Institution to combat the forgery of the A1 certificate of being subject to the relevant legislation and the issues of international proceedings of the Social Insurance Institution with foreign institutions, as well as IT tools prepared by the Social Insurance Institution for verifying the relevant applicable legislation.
PL
Publikacja porusza kwestię aktywności Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych dotyczącej przeciwdziałania nadużyciom w obszarze ustalania właściwego ustawodawstwa na gruncie rozporządzenia UE nr 883/2004. Autor omawia stosowane przez ZUS sposoby fałszerstw zaświadczenia A1 o podleganiu właściwemu ustawodawstwu oraz kwestie postępowań międzynarodowych ZUS z instytucjami zagranicznymi, jak również narzędzia informatyczne przygotowane przez ZUS dla weryfikacji ustawodawstwa właściwego.
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