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1

Appreciation of Ambiguous Humorous Messages: The Influence of Processing Mode and Presentation

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Kucharski A., Timoszyk-Tomczak C.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2015
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vol. 19
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issue 1
29-43
EN
In the current study it was assumed that participants of the act of communication do not always follow the rules of cooperation, and sometimes build their utterance in a way that misleads the listener. It depends on the communicative competence of the listener and the message sender if an interaction between them takes place. Th e aim of this research was to assess to what extent deliberate, incorrect identification and the mode of communication in which the text is presented makes the audience lose their orientation in both bona-fide (informative) and non-bona-fide (playful) mode formulations. In order to answer these questions, two experiments were conducted using three types of texts: informative text with a humorous digression, humorous informative text, and a real life parody joke. Th e information preceding the presentation of the texts and the order in which they were shown was manipulated. Respondents assessed how funny each of the texts was. 85 high secondary school students participated in the survey. Th e conducted statistical analyses enabled us to establish that the information appearing at the beginning, i.e. the type of message (informative/humorous), can affect the recipient’s reaction and assessment of how funny a particular text was. Th e research results indicate that poor intensity of comicality in the messages may be aggravated by not indicating that they were intended to induce a humorous effect. This reveals the specific nature of humorous messages, bringing about an effect that is categorically inconsistent with the stimulus that precedes it.
2
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Satysfakcja z życia a perspektywa przyszłościowa w starości

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Timoszyk-Tomczak C., Bugajska B.
Opuscula Sociologica
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2013
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issue 2(4)
83-95
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano badania, których celem jest analiza satysfakcji z życia ludzi po 65 roku życia w kontekście rozpiętości i zawartości przyszłościowej perspektywy czasowej oraz nastawień do przyszłości, z uwzględnieniem płci i wieku. W projekcie uczestniczyło 351 osób, w tym 119 mężczyzn i 232 kobiety. Badania wykazały, że nie ma bezpośredniej więzi między satysfakcją z życia i wiekiem w okresie późnej dorosłości. Analiza korelacji ujawniła natomiast istotne współzmienności między poczuciem satysfakcji z życia oraz długą, wypełnioną strategiami realizacyjnymi perspektywą przyszłościową, a także skupieniem na sprawach bieżących. Zadowolenie z życia seniorów łączy się także z treścią wyznaczanych sobie przez nich celów, np. ukierunkowanych na rekreację. Wreszcie satysfakcja z życia współzmienia się pozytywnie z realistycznymi i idealistycznymi nastawieniami do przyszłości, a negatywnie z potencjalnymi.
EN
The article presents the results of research, which aims at the analysis of life satisfaction in persons 65 years old and older in the context of the range and content of future time perspective and the attitude towards the future. The analyses include sex and age factor. 351 individuals participated in the research, among whom 119 persons were male. The results showed that there is no indirect bond between life satisfaction and age in the late adulthood period. However, the correlation analyses revealed a significant covariation between the sense of life satisfaction, the long future perspectives filled with realization strategies and the focus on current matters. Seniors’ contentment with life is connected with the goals set by them, for example these oriented towards recreation. Life satisfaction covaries positively with the realistic and idealistic attitudes towards the future, and negatively with the potential attitudes.
3
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Rozpoznawanie ekspresji emocjonalnej twarzy przez kobiety i mężczyzn – badania porównawcze osób głuchych i słyszących

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Buluk K., Timoszyk-Tomczak C.
Edukacja-Technika-Informatyka
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2019
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vol. 10 Numer specjalny
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issue 1
21-28
EN
An analysis of emotional functioning of deaf people with regard to gender is important forunderstanding their activities in different areas of life. Emotional functioning is related to emotional intelligence, which involves emotion perception and recognition, emotional expressiveness,empathy, and the ability to control and regulate one’s emotions. The results of previous studieshave demonstrated that gender is one of the elements determining the ability to recognize emotional expressions. It is important to investigate whether deafness in the context of emotionalfunctioning is more important than gender differences. The present study was conducted on80 individuals (40 deaf people – 18 women and 22 men and 40 hearing people – 23 women and17 men). The Emotional Intelligence Scale – Faces (Matczak, Piekarska, Studniarek, 2005) anda set of photographs used by Paul Ekman in his study of basic emotions were used for data collection. The results obtained in the study revealed that men and women do not differ with regard tofacial emotion recognition but there are differences between the group of hearing and deaf people.
PL
Analiza funkcjonowania emocjonalnego osób głuchych z uwzględnieniem podziału na płeć ma istotne znaczenie dla zrozumienia ich aktywności na różnych płaszczyznach życia. Funkcjonowanie to wiąże się z inteligencją emocjonalną zawierającą spostrzeganie i rozpoznawanie emocji, ich wyrażanie i okazywanie, empatię, kontrolę oraz regulację emocji. Rezultaty dotychczasowych badań pokazują, że płeć jest jednym z elementów determinujących umiejętność rozpoznawania ekspresji emocji. Ważne jest sprawdzenie, czy głuchota w kontekście funkcjonowania emocjonalnego ma większe znaczenie niż różnice płciowe. Badania zostały przeprowadzone na grupie 80 osób (40 głuchych – 18 kobiet i 22 mężczyzn oraz 40 słyszących – 23 kobiet i 17 mężczyzn). Do badań została wykorzystana Skala Inteligencji Emocjonalnej – Twarze (Matczak, Piekarska, Studniarek, 2005) oraz zdjęcia wykorzystywane przez Paula Ekmana w badaniach emocji podstawowych. Wyniki uzyskane w badaniu pozwalają zauważyć, że kobiety i mężczyźni nie różnią się w rozpoznawaniu ekspresji mimicznej, a różnice występują między grupą słyszących i głuchych.
4

Selected Factors of Future Time Perspectives for Women and Men in Later Adulthood

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Timoszyk-Tomczak C., Bugajska B.
Polish Journal of Applied Psychology
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2013
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vol. 11
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issue 1
17-31
XX
The article presents research aimed at defi ning relations between formal aspects of future time perspectives of women, men, and aging, as well as selected aspects of individuals’ self-assessments, such as: life satisfaction, optimism, autonomy, selfcontrol, self-improvement, independence, introspection, and pursuit of values. Research subjects included 227 women and 177 men above the age of sixty. The future time perspective questionnaire, the satisfaction with life scale, the life orientation test, and the introspection scale were all used. Those aspects of self-image, which were important in the case of women, did not necessarily matter with men. The greatest number of differences between men and women appear in focus on current matters and in long time perspectives. In women the selected aspects of future time perspectives most often relate to pursuit of values and independence, while in men to life satisfaction, age and different intensities of introspection.
5
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Przyszłość transcendentalna w starości

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Bugajska B., Timoszyk-Tomczak C.
EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
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2015
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issue 1(9)/2015 Duchowość jako kategoria egzystencji i transcendencji w starości
119-132
EN
Th e purpose of this article is to present research on transcendental future in the life of old people. Th is temporal period embraces the time from physical death to eternity. Th e research focused on the frequency with which old people think about death, the belief in „life” aft er death, the transcendental aims old people set themselves and the generalised attitudes concerning the future. 350 people participated in the research, including 119 men and 232 women in three age sub-groups of 60-, 70- and 80-year-olds. Th e research was based on a survey for measuring the future time perspective and the scale of attitudes towards the future, both in an experimental version. Th e results showed that the older people are, the more oft en they think about death. Half of the respondents in late old age revealed transcendental aims, such as meeting their loved ones or obtaining salvation. At this stage in life the attitude towards one’s own future changes from realistic to transcendental.
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