EN
The paper is a contribution to the contemporary understanding of science, which is crucial for understanding the world and humanity. This understanding is a task of philosophy and consists, according to the conception defended by the author, in the understanding of scientific practices. The author gives an account of the turn towards an analysis of scientific practice(s) within the contemporary philosophy of science, and depicts the key sources (such as the philosophy of pragmatism, T. S. Kuhn’s theory, the practice theory in social science, among others) as well as the key features of this turn. Based on this, he outlines the concept of science as a sociocultural practice, which itself is conceptualized as two mutually intertwined forms of transaction: causal transactions within natural reality (natural and technical sciences) and meaningful transactions within sociocultural reality (social and human sciences).