Návrat vojenského testamentu

• Authors: Salák, Pavel

Title variants

EN

"Comeback" of the military testament into the Czech law

• Languages of publication: CS

Abstracts

CS

Vojenský testament je nejstarším z privilegovaných testamentů. Z československého právního řádu však vymizel se služebním řádem československé armády z roku 1922. Nový občanský zákoník jej znovu zavedl. Neinspiroval se přitom ani ABGB, ani BGB a dokonce ani poměrně pokrokovou úpravou meziválečných osnov, ale italským občanským zákoníkem z roku 1942. Text se zabývá jednak vývojem tohoto institutu, jednak jeho úpravou v novém občanském zákoníku. Upozorňuje na možné výkladové problémy a silné a slabé stránky této úpravy.

EN

Military testament was newly adopted in CC 2012 (§ 1545), inspired by Italian CC from 1942. According to this paragraph, a soldier or any other person belonging to the army of the Czech Republic may make a testament before a commander of an armed unit or before an officer and two witnesses. He may do so only during military conflict or other military operation (for example during military aid in extraordinary situations). This type of testament responds mainly to the needs of soldiers during abroad missions, when smaller units don’t have a commander in the rank of an officer, and simultaneously responds to the fact that a soldier may be placed for example to the allied field hospital, where a Czech officer wouldn’t be present. The greatest disadvantage of military testament is the restriction of its force. It’s restricted to the period of three months from the making of the testament, but this term is suspended while there isn’t the option to make a testament in a form of an official document available. It could happen, that a soldier would arrive home on furlough, the term would commence, he would then return to the battlefront without making a testament during the furlough, and then three months after the furlough his military testament would expire.

Keywords

CS

dědické právo; armáda; občanský zákoník 2012; vojenský testament; konflikt; Codice civile italiano 1942

EN

inheritance and succession; armed forces; Czech Civil Code 2012; military testament; armed conflict; Codice Civile Italiano 1942

Discipline

• LAW_&_ADMINISTRATION: LAW & ADMINISTRATION

• Publisher: Institute of State and Law, Czech Academy of Sciences
• Journal: Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 156
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 286-300
• Document type: ARTICLE

Contributors

author

Salák, Pavel

• Právník, redakce, Ústav státu a práva AV ČR, v.v.i., Národní 18, 116 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic