EN
This paper analyses a national discourse of the Polish socialist movement at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Its wording is very questionable because of the different interpretations of Marx's attitude by the two main Polish socialist intellectual leaders: Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz and Rosa Luxemburg. As the key method of this research, it is possible to define a comparison of their theoretical concepts, whose dissimilar conclusions resulted in formation of two rival political parties: PPS and SDKPiL. It is necessary to analyse and understand the conception of the nation according to Polish socialist doctrines focusing on the different interpretations of: 1) the sense of the proletarian revolution; 2) accumulation of the capital; 3) the basic essence of the national community. Based on these issues, this research is to clarify not only the unambiguous conception of the Polish socialism but also the theoretical dilemma of the relationship between nationalism and socialism.