EN
Analysis of Polish names of localities with final '-ca' indicates that only a few of them are formed with use of the actual feminine suffix '-ca' in a toponymic function. They are substantives, belonging to those that are cultural and possessive, and appear mainly in central Poland. They have, however, very old historical attestation, coming from as early as the 12th century.Research did not confirm occurrence in oikonyms of names with the compound formants '-en-ca' and '-ew-ca//-ow-ca'.