China’s achievements in poverty reduction

• Authors: Pęciak Renata

Title variants

PL

Chińskie osiągnięcia w ograniczaniu ubóstwa

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

In 1978 in China, nearly 250 million citizens lived under the official poverty line, and the poverty rate was 30.7%, which by 2018 fell to 0.6%. The purpose of the paper is to review the history of China’s poverty reduction strategy. The statistical data, covering the period from the beginning of the economic reforms to 2018/2019, show the process that took place in reducing poverty in China. Although the main goal of the reforms undertaken by Deng Xiaoping was to improve living conditions in China, no targeted policy was applied in the initial period. From the mid-1980s onwards the systematic and targeted actions but also successive modification and adjustment of the implemented programs allowed to continue the fight against poverty, especially in rural areas. Despite the obvious success, China still faces major challenges. It is necessary to lead a more precise orientation of poverty relief policies, but also through the coordination of the antipoverty strategy and confronting it with practices.

PL

W 1978 r. w Chinach prawie 250 mln obywateli żyło poniżej krajowej linii ubóstwa, a wskaźnik ubóstwa wynosił 30,7%. W 2018 r. wskaźnik ten wyniósł 0,6%. Celem artykułu jest omówienie realizowanej przez władze chińskie strategii redukcji tego zjawiska. Dane statyczne obejmujące okres od początku reform gospodarczych do lat 2018-2019 pokazują proces, jaki dokonał się w tej dziedzinie. Mimo że głównym celem reform podjętych w 1978 r. przez Deng Xiaopinga była poprawa warunków życia, w początkowym okresie nie wdrożono żadnej polityki celowej. Od połowy lat 80. XX wieku sukcesywne i ukierunkowane działania, a także modyfikacja i dostosowywanie wdrażanych programów pozwoliły ograniczyć ubóstwo, szczególnie na obszarach wiejskich. Mimo ewidentnych sukcesów Chiny stoją przed poważnymi wyzwaniami. Konieczne jest precyzyjne ukierunkowanie polityki na rzecz walki z ubóstwem, a także koordynacja strategii i konfrontowanie jej z praktyką.

Keywords

EN

China; poverty; poverty alleviation; economic growth

PL

Chiny; ubóstwo; zmniejszanie ubóstwa; wzrost gospodarczy

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
• Journal: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
• Year: 2020
• Issue: vol. 64, nr 12
• Pages: 71-86

Contributors

author

Pęciak Renata

• University of Economics in Katowice

References

• Angang, H., Linlin, H., & Zhixiao C. (2005). China’s economic growth and poverty reduction (1978-2002). In Tseng W., & Cowen D. (Eds.). India’s and China’s Recent Experience with Reform and Growth. Procyclicality of Financial Systems in Asia (pp. 59-90). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Chan Ch. K., Ngok K. L., & Phillips D. (2008). Social Policy in China: Development and Weell-Being. Bristol: Bristol University Press. The Policy Press.
• Chow, G. C. (2002). China’s economic transformation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
• Guo, Y., Zhou, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019). Targeted poverty alleviation and its practices in rural China: A case study of Fuping county. Hebei Province. Journal of Rural Studies, in press.
• Huang, J., Zhang, Q., & Rozelle, S. (2008). Economic growth, the nature of growth and poverty reduction in rural China. China Economic Journal, 1, 107-122.
• Li, Y., Su, B., & Liu, Y. (2016). Realizing targeted poverty alleviation in China: People’s voices, implementation challenges and policy implications. China Agricultural Economic Review, 8(3), 443-454.
• Liu, Y., Feng, X., Wang S. & Qiu, H. (2020). China’s poverty alleviation over the last 40 years: successes and challenges. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64(1), 209-228.
• Liu, Y., Guo, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2018). Poverty alleviation in rural China: policy changes, future challenges and policy implications. China Agricultural Economic Review, 10(2), 241-259.
• Liu, Y., & Xiu, Y. (2016). A geographic identification of multidimensional poverty in rural China under the framework of sustainable livelihoods analysis. Applied Geography, 73, 62-76.
• Meng, L. (2013). Evaluating China’s poverty alleviation program: A regression discontinuity approach. Journal of Public Economics, 101, 1-11.
• Montalvo, J. G., & Ravallion, M. (2010). The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 38(1), 2-16.
• National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2019). Statistical communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on the 2018 national economic and social development. Retrieved August 20, 2020 from http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexeh.htm
• Pei, X. (2018). China’s pattern of growth and poverty reduction. Arts and Humanities Open Access Journal, 2(2), 91-104.
• Ping, T., Laiyunand, S., & Pingping W. (2001). Poverty monitoring in rural China. Rural Survey Organization, National Bureau Statistics. People’s Republic of China.
• Ravallion, M., & Chen, S. (2007). China’s (uneven) progress against poverty. Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 1-42.
• Rozelle, S., Zhang, L., & Huang, J. (2000). China’s War on Poverty (Working Paper, vol. 60, pp. 1-52). Center for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform.
• Sapkota, N., Wang, S., & Wu, G. (2017). Poverty reduction and development. National strategies and a case study of ADB-funded pilot project in Nayong county in Guizhou province. People’s Republic of China (Working Paper Series No 10). ADB East Asia.
• The World Bank. (n.d.). World development indicators. Retrieved August 22, 2020 from https://datacatalog.worldbank.org
• Zhang, L., Huang, J., & Rozelle, S. (2003). China’s war on poverty: Assessing targeting and the growth impacts of poverty programs. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 1(3), 301-317.
• Zhou, Y., Guo, Y., Liu, Y., Wua, W., & Li, Y. (2018). Targeted poverty alleviation and land policy innovation: Some practice and policy implications from China. Land Use Policy, 74, 53-65.