Mass Crimes in Kars (1920-1921) and Smyrna (1922) – Eyewitness TestimonyMass Crimes in Kars (1920-1921) and Smyrna (1922) – Eyewitness Testimony

• Authors: MARTOYAN Tehmine , HAKHOYAN Vazgen
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The article presents and analyzes the anti-Armenian policies of the Turkish military and political leadership in Kars (1920-1921) and Smyrna (1922). The systematic killings of the unarmed population were marked by extreme brutality, including mass rapes and ritualized murders. Data is combined from ethnographic fieldwork, materials from the National Archives of Armenia, memoirs, and manuscript records from the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute.

Keywords

EN

Kars; Smyrna; Genocide; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; Armenians; Greeks

• Publisher: Uniwersytet w Siedlcach
• Journal: Historia i Świat
• Year: 2025
• Volume: 14
• Pages: 243–266

Contributors

author

MARTOYAN Tehmine

• Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, Yerevan, Armenia

author

HAKHOYAN Vazgen

• National Gallery of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia

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Identifiers

DOI

https://doi.org/10.34739/his.2025.14.15